Updates The Pakistan's Space Program Thread

[Soheil_Esy]

For the North Korean space program, see The North Korean Space Program Thread.
For the Iranian space program, see The Iranian Space Program Thread.

© A S☫heil presentation; First published 2017; Updated 2017-2017

Table of Contents

1. Table of Contents
2.1. Inter-Indian-Subcontinental Space Race Updated 16 APR 2017
2.1.2. Pakistani-Indian Space Race Outcome
2.1.3. History of Pakistani Space Milestones
3. Pakistan's Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (Suparco)
4. Pakistan's sounding rockets
5. Pakistan's space launchers

6. Pakistan's Satellites
6.1. BADR-1
6.2. BADR-B
6.3. Paksat-1
6.4. Remote sensing satellite
7. Pakistan's manned space program
7.1. Pakistani-Chinese space cooperation

Inter-Indian-Subcontinental Space Race

Feb 16, 2017

Pakistan began space programme 8 years before India


http://www.hindustantimes.com/india...axies-ahead/story-uZW0NQG5Qmxa1o2QM8M8SL.html

Pakistani-Indian Space Race Outcome

Space Milestone | Date | Name | Agency
First space agency|1961|SUPARCO|SUPARCO
First space center|1962|Sonmiani Rocket Range, Karachi coast|SUPARCO
First sounding rocket|07 June 1962 at 1953 hours|Rehbar I|SUPARCO
First satellite|April 19, 1975|Aryabhatta-I|ISRO
First launch vehicle|July 18, 1980|SLV-3|ISRO
First GEO satellite|Jun 19, 1981|APPLE|ISRO
First astronaut|Monday, April 2, 1984|Rakesh Sharma |ISRO
First deep space probe| October 22, 2008|Chandrayaan-1|ISRO
First manned launcher|||

http://www.isro.gov.in/about-isro/isros-timeline-1960s-to-today#16

Pakistani Space Milestones

Space Milestone | Date | Name | Remark
First space agency|1961|SUPARCO|
First space center|1962|Sonmiani Rocket Range, Karachi coast|
First sounding rocket|07 June 1962 at 1953 hours|Rehbar I|
First satellite|16 July 1990|Badr I|launched on LM-2E
First GEO satellite|31 January 1996|Paksat-1|Palapa C1 leased to the SUPARCO as PakSat
First astronaut|||
First launch vehicle|||
First deep space probe|||
First manned launcher|||

Pakistan's Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (Suparco)

Feb 16, 2017

The year is 1961. A new president John F Kennedy has just taken oath in the United States, the Soviet Union has put the first man in space

But something equally momentous is happening in Pakistan, where globally renowned physicist Abdus Salam is convincing president Ayub Khan to set up a national space agency, the first in the subcontinent. In September that year, Salam sets up the Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (Suparco) headquartered in Karachi – a full eight years before neighbour India formalises its own space agency.

The initial years of the agency are buoyed by hope. Four top scientists are sent to the Nasa to study space technology and Salam’s growing stature in the scientific world – he would win the Physics Nobel Prize in 1979 – help attract talent to the nascent organisation.

...
The agency is now pinning its hopes on a Mission 2040 – by when it aims to have indigenous satellite making and launching capabilities

http://www.hindustantimes.com/india...axies-ahead/story-uZW0NQG5Qmxa1o2QM8M8SL.html

Pakistan's sounding rocket

2014-06-23

In 1962, Suparco launches its first rocket, Rehbar I, from a range off the Karachi coast with help from Nasa, a year before India’s first rocket would blast off from the Thumba launching station.
Pakistan becomes the fourth Asian country to launch rockets after China (DF-1: Dongfang-1, 东方-1号, 100 km , 8 September 1958) Japan (K-6, 60 km altitude, June 1958) and Israel (Shavit II, 52 miles altitude, 6 July 1961).


http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/japan_s_history/detail/kappa.shtml
http://www.jta.org/1961/07/06/archi...succeed-in-firing-their-first-sounding-rocket
http://www.bit.edu.cn/xww/xsjl1/103729.htm

On 07 June 1962 at 1953 hours the two-stage rocket: Rehbar-I consisting of a Nike-Cajun combination (which was earlier developed by NASA) was successfully launched from Sonmiani Rocket Range. It carried a payload of 80 pounds of sodium and soared to about 130 km into the atmosphere. With the launching of Rehbar-I, Pakistan had the honour of becoming the fourth country in Asia and the eleventh in the world to conduct such a launching. The other countries, which had, until then, already conducted launchings of this type were: USA, USSR, UK, France, Sweden, Italy, Canada, Japan, China and Israel. Rehbar-II was also successfully launched from Sonmiani Rocket Range on 09 June 1962.

The data received from Rehbar-I and Rehbar-II gave scientists information on wind shear and structure in the layers of the upper atmosphere extending beyond the stratosphere. The data collected also helped in the study of cloud formation, cyclones and weather over the Arabian Sea.

http://suparco.gov.pk/webroot/pages/history.asp

Pakistan's space launcher

Taimur SLV

The Shaheen-1 (Hatf-4) is probably a copy of China's M-9 missile. The Shaheen-2 (Haft-6) is probably a copy of China's two-stage missile M-18.
The Shaheen-2 uses like the M-18, two aerospace solid rocket motors developed by China Hexi Chemical & Mechanical Company. A relevant motor for the first stage is the L-SpaB-140B with diameter of 1.40 m.

The future Space launch vehicle Taimur (three stage solid-fuel, diam. 1.40 m, length ~25 m) can transport a little scientific payload in a Low Earth Orbit. For the Taimur SLV is doubled the first stage of the Shaheen-2.
During the IDEAS 2002 defense exhibition Pakdef spotted two similar models of Pakistani Satellite Launch Vehicles. The first model points out a possible three stage SLV. Judging from other similar SLV's, it is estimated that it can place a payload weighing less than 80 kilogram to an orbit 450 kilometers above Earth's surface. The second model of the SLV seems similar to the first model however, with four extra boosters ( ? Abdali). Exact data are still unknown.

2017, January 24 -- Pakistan has reported the test-launch of a new missile called "Ababeel". The published images documented that is a Shaheen-III missile, on which was added a powerful third stage. As a result, Pakistan now has a SLV for the transport of orbital payloads. By adding of strap-ons the capacity can be further increased.

http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/Rest_World/Taimoor/Versions/Taimoor.jpg
http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/Rest_World/Taimoor/Versions/Taimoor.htm


http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/Rest_World/Taimoor/Description/Frame.htm

https://i.dawn.com/primary/2017/01/58875ba09d934.jpg
http://www.dawn.com/news/1310452/pa...ht-test-of-ababeel-surface-to-surface-missile
Jan 24, 2017 -- Pakistan on Tuesday conducted a successful test flight of the Ababeel surface-to-surface ballistic missile (SSM), the Inter Services Public Relations (ISPR) said in a statement.
Ababeel has a maximum range of 2,200 kilometres and is capable of delivering multiple warheads using Multiple Independent Re-entry Vehicle (MIRV) technology, an ISPR press release added.

Video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=reWzz5bk5V0
​

Pakistan by 2030

In the next fifteen years Pakistan will continue to meet all challenges...

In addition to these achievements big strides are expected in the conquest of space. The design technology of satellites for different applications has already been achieved and demonstrated. More satellites are expected to be launched in the coming years.
With the acquisition of capability of our own satellite launch systems, our country would become a full-fledged power in space technology.

http://hilal.gov.pk/index.php/layouts/item/2496-pakistan-by-2030?tmpl=component&print=1

Feb 16, 2017

Suparco is not expected to have indigenous satellite launching and producing technology for at least two decades and the target it has set itself is 2040.

http://www.hindustantimes.com/india...axies-ahead/story-uZW0NQG5Qmxa1o2QM8M8SL.html

 

[Soheil_Esy]

Part 2

Pakistan's Satellites

BADR-1

BADR-1 satellite was launched on 16 July 1990, from a Chinese launcher, the Long March 2E (LM-2E).

http://suparco.gov.pk/webroot/assets/images/badr-1.gif
BADR-1

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-SN-P97Pl5...llite+of+pakistan+Badar+Badr+SUPARCO+logo.JPG
BADR-1

http://suparco.gov.pk/webroot/pages/badr1.asp?badr1linksid=1

BADR-B

Pakistan's second satellite BADR-B was launched on 10 Dec 2001 at 9:15 a.m from Baikonour Cosmodrome, Kazakistan. The Zenit-2 rocket carried it into a 1018 Km sun-synchronous circular orbit with an orbital period of 105 minutes and inclination of 99.64 degrees.

Specifications

.Satellite Dimension: 510mm x 510mm x 465mm

.Satellite Mass: ~70kg

.Lifetime: More than 2 years

.Communication: Gravity gradient

.Thermal Control: Passive

.Payloads: CCD cameras, Compact Dosimeter, End of Charge Detector and Store & Forward Experiment (SAFE)

.Ground Segment: Telemetry, Tracking & Command Station (TT & C) and Mission Control Centre (MCC)


Configuration


The satellite structure was made of space qualified aluminum T-6 alloy. Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) solar arrays were used to provide power during the sunlit periods and Nickel Cadmium (NiCd) batteries during the eclipse periods. Earth pointing single axis stabilization was achieved by use of a 6 m gravity gradient boom with a trip mass of 4kg.

http://suparco.gov.pk/webroot/assets/images/badrb.jpg
BADR-1

http://suparco.gov.pk/webroot/pages/badrb.asp?badrblinksid=1

Paksat-1

2017

Spacecraft Description: Palapa C1.

Palapa C1 is also known as Paksat 1. It has also been known as Anatolia 1 and HGS-3.


Spacecraft

Name: Palapa C1
Abbrev: Palapa C1
Status: Retired
International ID: 1996-006A

Description Type: Spacecraft
Orbit Type: GEO
Catalog Number: 23779

https://www.hughesscgheritage.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/HS-601.jpeg
https://www.hughesscgheritage.com/body-stabilized-comsat-developments-dick-cr-johnson-and-will-turk/
Paksat-1

Planned Launch:
Launch Date: 2/1/96
Launch Vehicle: Atlas 2AS
Launch Location: Cape Canaveral

Capability: Communications
C-Band
Ku-Band


Country: Pakistan
Builder: Hughes

Operator: Suparco
Last Update: 11/17/2013 12:00:00 AM



Years 1996 - 2000.

Palapa C1 is based on the Hughes HS 601 model. It has 30 active and 8 backup C-band transponders and 4 active and 2 backup Ku-band transponders.

In March 1996, it encountered battery power-supply problems. The four Ku-band transponders cannot be operated when the satelite is in the Earth's shadow. Papala C1 will be moved to the 150.5 degrees east location when Papala C2 is located at 113 degrees east. There was a $32-million insurance payout to cover the partial power failure.

Pasifik Satellite Nusantara (PSN) provides Xpress Connection rural telephone service through Palapa C1. Cost of the very small aperture terminals (VSAT) and satellite service is about $400 per month. Users are charged 10-15 cents per minute. As of January 1997, PSN expected to have installed 700-1000 terminals by April 1997.

The primary charge controller failed on Palapa C1 failed in 1996. As of December 1998, the backup charge controller was not working properly. A failure of both controllers will result is a loss of power during March and September eclipse periods that span 40 days and last from one to 72 minutes. Engineers are investigating the problem.

A Hughes in-house review at the end of 1998 recommended that a standardized design for the HS 601 should be established.

Trade sanctions were imposed on Indonesia in September 1999, but satellites were exempted from these sanctions in October 1999. This allowed Hughes to provide software support for the year 2000 rollover.

It was reported in October 2000 that Turk Telekom was going to assume control of Palapa C1 and relocate it at 50 degrees East longitude in order to maintain rights to that orbital slot.

As of December 2000, Kalitel purchased capacity on Anatolia 1 and resold it to Turk Telekom. It will be moved to 50 degrees East longitude and will resume service in February 2000. The degradation of battery charger capabilities results in 44-day periods twice a year during which the satellite in eclipse without power around midnight in the local coverage zone. This limitation does not significantly impact the useful availability.


Year 2002.

It was reported in August 2002 that Pakistan was going to acquire the use of Palapa C1. Hughes Network Services will move Palapa C1 to 38 degrees East longitude and operate the satellite for Pakistan under a 5-year contract worth about $30 million. Palapa C1 will be renamed Paksat 1.


Year 2003.

It was reported in October 2003 that the Pakistan space agency had a $9.1 million, five-year lease on Palapa C1 (Paksat 1).

Refer to the entry for Paksat 1R for the replacement for Paksat 1 (Palapa C1).


Year 2007.

It was reported in March 2007 that Paksat 1's operating time while in the Earth's shadow is limited due to defective batteries. Paksat 1 is operated by Pakistan's Suparco - Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission.


Year 2008.

As of October 2008, Paksat 1R is planned to replace Paksat 1.


Year 2013.

It was reported in October 2013 that Palapa C1 disposal orbit is slightly below the graveyard orbit of 250-kilometers above the geostationary orbit.



http://www.agi.com/resources/downloads/data/spacecraft-digest/display.aspx?i=3084
http://sat-nd.com/failures/index.html?http://sat-nd.com/failures/palapac1.html

PAKSAT-1R

Aug 11, 2011 05:50pm

Pakistan's first Communications Satellite PAKSAT-1R, as a part of Pakistan's Space Programme 2040, was launched on Thursday [14 August 2011] at 2117 hrs on board China's Satellite Launch Vehicle from the Xichang Satellite Launch Centre.

PAKSAT-1R has a total of 30 transponders, 12 in C-band and 18 in Ku-band.

The satellite will be deployed at 380E in the Geo-stationary orbit and it will replace the existing satellite PAKSAT-1.

PAKSAT-1R has a design life of 15 years and will provide TV broadcasting, Internet and data communication services across South and Central Asia, Eastern Europe, East Africa and the Far East. This satellite now enables extending of communication services to all areas of Pakistan.

Earlier, the contract for the development of PAKSAT-1R was signed between Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO) and China Great Wall Industry Corporation (CGWIC) in October 2008 during the visit of the President of Pakistan to China.

http://www.paksat.com.pk/img/sections/iphone-img.jpg
http://www.paksat.com.pk/
PAKSAT-1R

https://www.dawn.com/news/651018/pakistans-first-communications-satellite-paksat-1r-launched

Remote sensing satellite

September 24, 2016

Pakistan is striving to deepen space related cooperation with its time tested and old friend China.

Now we are developing the first-ever remote sensing satellite with the Chinese cooperation, which will be launched in March 2018.

https://timesofislamabad.com/pakist...nched-march-2018-chairman-suparco/2016/09/24/

Pakistan's manned space program


Pakistani-Chinese space cooperation

12 Oct 2015

Head of China's space station program: Foreign nations welcome to add modules, visit w/ crewed vehicles

https://twitter.com/pbdes/status/653594130698907648

8:27 PM - 14 Apr 2017

https://pbs.twimg.com/media/C9bGYlwUAAAIMMv.jpg
Deputy Director of China Manned Space Engineering Office Yang Liwei and SUPARCO officials.

On April 13, 2017, Wang Zhaoyao, Director of the China Astronautics and Aerospace Engineering Office, held a working meeting with Chairman of the Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Council, Major General Qaiser Anees Khurrum.
Astronaut selection and training and other relevant cooperation with the Chinese side were discussed.
The two sides agreed to sign the cooperation framework agreement and set up a joint working group.

https://twitter.com/cnspaceflight/status/853087321305915393

See Page 1 Table of Contents For Latest Updates!