So where do you see notebook and pen?
http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2015/12/11/2015121101644.html
2014.11.12
http://ipic.su/img/img7/fs/C7D1B1B9C7FCB9DFBBE7C3BC1.1493504376.jpg
http://blog.naver.com/storyphoto/vi...PEG/%C7%D1%B1%B9%C7%FC%B9%DF%BB%E7%C3%BC1.jpg
http://blog.naver.com/PostView.nhn?...viewDate=&isShowPopularPosts=true&from=search
http://cfile25.uf.tistory.com/image/2748DD47546313C736E33D
http://emptydream.tistory.com/3581
South Korean road map: KSLV launchers family evolution.
http://ojsfile.ohmynews.com/STD_IMG_FILE/2016/0203/IE001920514_STD.JPG
http://www.ohmynews.com/NWS_Web/Vie...2180023&PAGE_CD=ET001&BLCK_NO=1&CMPT_CD=T0016
South Korean 3 stages KSLVII lunar launcher by 2020 (with Naro and Unha-3 LVs).
http://cfile21.uf.tistory.com/image/2743F14D54631361206CF4
http://emptydream.tistory.com/3581
South Korean road map: Lunar (KLEP), Marsian and Asteroid exploration.
http://emptydream.tistory.com/attachment/[email protected]
http://emptydream.tistory.com/3581
Lucky and Unlucky the Korea Way
- The number 9 in East Asia
Since Nine, the highest single-digit number in base ten, stands for completeness and eternity, many emperors in the ancient China love the number a lot. ‘Nine Continents’ is used to describe the large territory of an empire. The emperors wore Nine-dragon Imperial Robes, ordered to construct Nine-dragon Walls and other buildings with relationship with number 9 in the imperial palaces, to show their great power, hope for longevity, and eternal reign of their empire.
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/C9gMf9gU0AEVJ3z.jpg
https://twitter.com/cnspaceflight/status/853445883261669378
Ultimate evolution of the Long March space launch vehicle family, the CZ-9, for Moon landing, with 140 T LEO capability. April 15, 2017 CGI.
- The number 9 in North Korea
The North Korean Supreme leadership and the number nine.
It all started at the time of Korea's liberation from Japanese occupation, when there were eight shamans representing the eight provinces of Korea. Out of these, the strongest shaman was thought to be the one from Pyongan-do. He is said to have told Kim Il Sung that the destiny of his bloodline was aligned with the ninth number, which is considered auspicious in East Asia.
Perhaps it was because of this that Kim Il Sung declared the founding date of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea to be 9 September. Although there were five provinces at the time, he increased the number to nine. The Supreme Guard Command, Kim Il Sun's personal bodyguard corps, was named Unit 963 (double nine is an especially lucky combination).
The Supreme leadership has its own food chain, also using the number nine. Throughout North Korea you will find so-called No 9 farms and No 9 work details, specially assigned by the central party's financial administration department. Their produce is used to feed the supreme leadership, and these meals are called No 9 products.
Kim Jong Il is said to have repeatedly stressed the fact that his birthday fell on 16 February (1+6+2=9). He decreed that the numberplates of his vehicles should read 2.16; and then, so as to disguise his personal vehicles, assigned this as a common numberplate for all of North Korea's inner elite.
Kim Jong Il was appointed to the highest military post on 24 December (2+4+1+2=9). His appointment as party secretary, which effectively formalised his powers, was made three years and three months after the death of his father, Kim Il Sung.
Applying this to recent North Korean history, we note that Kim Jong Il gave his son, Kim Jong Un, his first public role as general of the Korean People's Army on 27 September 2010 (2+7=9, plus the 9th month, equals double nine). On 11 April (20)12 (1+1+4+1+2=9) Kim Jong Un was appointed first secretary of the Korean Workers' party. Then on 18 July 2012, he was appointed to the rank of marshal.
When North Korea makes international news with an impending rocket launch or nuclear test, outside analysts often cite recent birthdays of the Kims, or other state anniversaries, as influencing the choice of date. But a closer look suggests it has more to do with the number nine.
The country's first nuclear test took place on 9 October 2006. The second space launch was on 5 April 2009 (5+4=9 and nine of 2009, double nine). Another one was successfully launched on 12 December 2012 (1+2+1+2+1+2=9). There was a nuclear test on 12 February (20)13 (1+2+2+1+3=9). A recent North Korean video released on YouTube, in which the first North Korean manned spaceship is launched, features a rocket labelled Unha-9.
https://cdn2-techbang.pixcdn.tw/sys...67d7f1d14c39e18224b62f3076a88e.jpg?1362131793
http://www.techbang.com/posts/12458-north-korea-lifted-the-network-first-instagram-photo-flow?page=2
Unha-9 as depicted in the lobby of the Koryo Hotel in Pyongyang back in October 2013.
http://www.zimbabweonlinenews.com/in-north-korea-nine-is-the-magic-number-the-guardian/
https://www.travelchinaguide.com/intro/lucky-number9.htm
Aug. 21, 2015
North Korea carried out at least one test of a rocket engine in early August.
In satellite photos taken late last week, scorch marks measuring 60 m in length and 27 m in width were spotted south of the launch pad at the site's vertical engine test stand. A photo of the same location taken last month showed the area covered with foliage.
Extensive new construction work is under way at the facility, with new buildings likely holding rocket fuel and oxidiser future tests.
"When complete, they will provide more than double the storage capacity of the existing structures, suggesting that the North Koreans are developing a capability to test larger, more capable engines".
http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2015/08/21/2015082100801.html
Commentary
https://c1.staticflickr.com/3/2864/33667839040_0d52f66cc6_b.jpg
https://www.flickr.com/photos/uriminzok/33667839040/
April 15, 2017 picture. Center: notice an Unha-3 represented left of a huge (meaning at least twice the size) Unha-9 model!
Rough estimations:
Unha-3 first stage is ~8 pixel in diameter, for a known 2.4 meters
Unha-3 third stage is ~4 pixel in diameter, for a known 1.25 meters
Unha-9 first stage is ~9 pixel in diameter, therefore ~2.7 meters
Unha-9 third stage is ~6 pixel in diameter, therefore ~1.9 meters
Conclusion this artistic representation suggests a ~3 meters diameter first stage and ~2 meters diameter third stage, perfectly fitting the previous assessments for the Unha-9.
S☫heil
12 Oct 2015
http://www.sinaimg.cn/dy/slidenews/1_img/2012_51/2841_219037_201876.jpg
http://slide.news.sina.com.cn/w/slide_1_2841_28824.html#p=2
Left:Unha-9 model; Right: Unha-3 models
http://img.yonhapnews.co.kr/etc/inner/EN/2015/10/13/AEN20151013002100315_01_i.jpg
http://www.bktv.co.kr/sub_read.html?uid=3149
Left: Pukguksong-1; Center: Unha-3; Right: Unha-9. There is no big difference between the height of the Unha-3 and the height of Unha-9. Instead, the diameters are different.
https://scontent-fra3-1.cdninstagra...n.jpg?ig_cache_key=OTMyNTU0NDQ1ODM5OTM0ODM4.2
https://www.instagram.com/p/zxGVPeACV2/
Left: Unha-2; Center: Unha-3; Right: Unha-9 with obvious larger first stage diameter
http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/Rest_World/Unha-9/Gallery/Unha-9.jpg
http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/Rest_World/Unha-9/Description/Frame.htm
German space enthusiast's Unha-9 with first stage diameter wrongly represented
Older Korean artistic depiction of a future heavy launcher
http://www.wetgeo.com/webboardImages/201204/WEBBOARD-fa091598820.jpg
http://www.wetgeo.com/webboard_detail.php?webID=1066
Artistic conception of a larger North Korean rocket, unknown creation date, published on the internet circa before April 2012.
New official artistic depiction of a future heavy launcher
Picture from 2009 Arirang Mass Games showing probably for the first time ever an unknown uprated launcher with four strap-on rocket boosters!
Seemingly a future man-rated heavy launcher, as a launch abort escape tower is clearly visible atop the launcher.
The length of the strap-on rocket boosters are less than a third of the total rocket length. Rocket possibly made of 3 stages; alternately made of two stages plus a manned spacecraft with Re-entry Vehicle, Service Module and Orbital Module in shroud.
Videos also show the rear bottom part of the launcher, revealing the exact number of rocket engines in the first stage...
In a nutshell, this new launcher might be very similar in conception and performance with the Chinese CZ-2F.
According to past practice, where [liquid propellant] ballistic missiles are named after Mars (Hwasong), submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) [and other solid propellant ballistic missiles] after Polaris (Pukguksong), anti-ship missiles (ASM) after Venus (Kumsong), and space launchers after famous mountain [also refering to supreme leaders] (Paektusan) or the Milky Way (Unha), one can speculate that a future heavy launcher could be named after some bright celestial objects like notable constellations, such as Ursa Major. Thus Puktusong (북두성; 北斗星), instead of the obviously unlikely Unha-X. Alternately, Aurora seems to be one of the most popular name among spacefaring powers (Dawn, Shuguang, Fajr, Zarya), therefore Saepyek (새벽; 曙光) would be a well inspired choice, even suitable for any future Korean spacecraft or satellite!
http://farm7.staticflickr.com/6044/6999398963_e48b670118_z.jpg
http://sujinyan.com/2012/04/03/the-dprk-in-space/
Picture from 2009 Arirang Mass Games
http://img.gawkerassets.com/img/193tsn3dgue5fjpg/original.jpg
http://www.ali213.net/news/html/2014-7/109400_4.html
Korean artistic depiction of Chinese spaceflight as a role model, circa before 2008.
04 Feb 2013
From Uriminzokkiri video chanel, "Riding Unha-9" featuring the Kwangmyongsong-21 spaceship
http://himg2.huanqiu.com/attachment2010/2013/0205/20130205092123333.jpg
http://mil.huanqiu.com/gt/2013-02/2682390_3.html
04 Feb 2013. From Uriminzokkiri video chanel, "Riding Unha-9"
http://himg2.huanqiu.com/attachment2010/2013/0205/20130205092124878.jpg
http://mil.huanqiu.com/gt/2013-02/2682390_6.html
04 Feb 2013. From Uriminzokkiri video chanel, "Unha-9 LV and Kwangmyongsong-21 spaceship separation"
http://himg2.huanqiu.com/attachment2010/2013/0205/20130205092121236.jpg
http://mil.huanqiu.com/gt/2013-02/2682390.html
04 Feb 2013. From Uriminzokkiri video chanel, "Kwangmyongsong-21 spaceship "
http://mil.huanqiu.com/gt/2013-02/2682390.html
http://07.imgmini.eastday.com/mobile/20170407/20170407135115_ff8957ede4e26f33fe2e415331af14d5_4.jpeg
http://mil.eastday.com/a/170407135115386-2.html
Starting from 2013, generic depiction of North Korean [future] launcher widely spread in Chinese media.
http://ipic.su/img/img7/fs/Arirang2013.1450141573.jpg
Screen capture from Arirang Mass Games 2013, emphasising new rocket evolutionary path, toward horizontal parallel clustering of strap-on boosters, in opposition with all previous mediatic representations of longilineal rockets, made only of vertically stacked stages.
Very stylized shorter and thickset 2 stages launcher, with 4 strap-on boosters, thus consistent with previous assessment on a Chinese CZ-2F-type convergent evolution.
German space enthusiast's speculations
2015, Oct. 07
http://blogs.c.yimg.jp/res/blog-47-1d/bdcxs228/folder/143790/37/39144337/img_0_m?1453965877
http://pastelists58.rssing.com/chan-34028585/all_p16.html
http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/Rest_World/Unha-X/Gallery/Unha-X_spec.jpg
http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/Rest_World/Unha-X/Description/Frame.htm
http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/Rest_World/Unha-X/Description/Frame.htm
Sep. 20, Juche 105 (2016) Tuesday
Kim Jong Un Guides Ground Jet Test of New-type High-Power Engine of Carrier Rocket for Geo-stationary Satellite
Kim Jong Un, chairman of the Workers' Party of Korea, chairman of the State Affairs Commission of the DPRK and supreme commander of the Korean People's Army, visited the Sohae Space Center to guide the ground jet test of a new type high-power engine of a carrier rocket for the geo-stationary satellite.
The newly developed high-power engine is a single engine whose thrust is 80 tf.
The test was aimed to make a final confirmation of the feature of combustion chamber, operation accuracy of valves and control systems and structural reliability of the engine during 200 seconds-long working time.
Kim Jong Un issued an order to conduct the test.
The moment the engine spewed out huge flames with deafening sound.
The test showed that thrust and other technological indexes of the engine accurately reached the estimated values and the feature values of all systems of the engine remained stable throughout the working time.
The successful manufacture of the engine provided a firm scientific and technological guarantee for developing and completing the carrier rocket for geo-stationary satellite during the 5-year program for national aerospace development and made it possible to acquire sufficient carrier capability for launching various kinds of satellites including earth observation satellite at a world level.
He expressed great satisfaction over the results of the test and highly praised the officials and scientists and technicians of the National Aerospace Development Administration for having successfully and devotedly carried out the task given by the Party in a short span of time.
The space science and technology and the space industry are an important barometer for estimating the national power, he said, calling for more dynamically paving the avenue to space conquest by conducting in real earnest the work for developing the space in order to fulfill the 5-year program for national aerospace development.
The development and use of space are an important policy of our Party and an important work for which the state should make sustained efforts, he said, adding that the National Aerospace Development Administration should carry out the space development with a main emphasis on the satellite development and manufacture and launch more satellites for different uses by indigenous efforts and technology and thus turn our country into a possessor of geostationary satellites in a couple of years to come.
Political News Team
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http://rodong.rep.kp/en/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2016-09-20-0002
2016/09/26
On that day, a table was placed at the observation station installed near the static test stand, and a large explanatory drawing was spread on the table. As you can see in <Picture 1>, the commentary was titled "Paektusan 80 tf liquid rocket". The title of the commentary shows that the new high-power liquid rocket engine developed and completed by North Korea is a liquid rocket engine of the Paektusan series. Here, the term predicts that other high-power liquid rocket engines with improved performance, named Paektusan, will be developed in sequence.
In this regard, it can be seen that the high-power liquid rocket engine developed and completed by North Korea is the first liquid rocket engine of the Paektusan series, and its name is Paektusan-1 according to the North Korean naming practice. If we develop a modified version of the Paektusan-type liquid rocket engine, which will further improve the performance of the aerospace industry, it will be called Paektusan-2.
The Korean engine is neither related to the Russian R-27 design technology, nor R-29 design technology.
Raising the Chinese connection theory and the Iranian connection theory is nonsense.
http://www.jajusibo.com/imgdata/jajuilbo_com/201609/2016092612548924.png
The photo shows a table used by Supreme leader Kim Jong Un, who was placed at the observing station installed near the static test stand.
"Paektusan 80 tf liquid rocket" is written in red.
The title of the explanatory note indicates that the high-power liquid rocket engine developed and completed at this time is 80 ton-force liquid rocket engine. © Ju Shobo and Han Ho Seok
...
If 80 tonnes force is converted to kilo Newton, it is 784.5kN.
The thrust referred to in this article refers to the thrust generated when the rocket engine is operated on the ground (not operating in a vacuum of outer space).
...
since the thrust of Paektusan-1 is 784.5KN, if you build a rocket by attaching 4 rocket engines, you get total thrust of 3,138kN. The 3,138 kN is a tremendous force enough to bring large, heavy payloads of up to 6,000 kilograms into a low earth orbit.
...
It is noted that the burne time of Chinese YF-20B is 128 seconds and the burne time of Russian RD-117 is 118 seconds, whereas the burne time of Paeksutsan-1 is 200 seconds. This indicates that the Paektusan-1 has a much longer burne time than the other two by comparison. It can be seen that the new type of satellite carrier rocket to be fitted with the Paektusan-1 is a satellite carrier rocket flying farther over the earth's orbit. It is predicted that the new satellite carrier rocket to be fitted with Paektusan-1 will send a satellite to a GEO of 35,786 km.
Liquid rocket engines comparison
Rocket engine (Nation) | Paektusan-1 (DPRK) | YF-20B (China) | RD-117 (Russia) Thrust |784.5 kN|814kN|838.5 kN
Burne time |200 seconds|128 seconds|118 seconds
Diameter |90cm ( estimated )|84cm|268 cm
Mass |Unknown|2,850kg|3,800kg
http://www.jajusibo.com/imgdata/jajuilbo_com/201609/2016092635563611.png
http://www.jajusibo.com/sub_read.html?uid=29662§ion=sc38
May 2, 2015 photo from General Satellite Control Center's exhibition room.
"I emphasize it is my wish to solve the communications problems by developing geostationary satellites."
It is the will of the forerunner of Chairman Kim Jong Il that North Korea launches geostationary satellites.
On April 17, 2015, Russia's ITAR-TASS news agency quoted Park Kyung Su, the chief of the Korean space agency, as saying, "Now the Korean researchers are engaged in the production of Earth observation satellites and GEO communication satellites ".
...
The aerospace industry will not only launch GEO communication satellites, but will also produce more powerful GEO military satellites.
...
According to a July 22, 2015 report, the height of the Sohae launch pad vertical gantry tower, which was enlarged by North Korea, is 67 meters. This suggests that it is possible to launch a large satellite-carrier rocket with a length of more than 50 meters.
http://www.jajusibo.com/sub_read.html?uid=29662§ion=sc38
Mar. 20, Juche 106 (2017) Monday
Kim Jong Un Observed the Ground Jet Test of a New High-Thrust Rocket Engine
Kim Jong Un, chairman of the Workers' Party of Korea, chairman of the State Affairs Commission of the DPRK and supreme commander of the Korean People's Army, watched the ground jet test of Korean-style high-thrust engine newly developed by the Academy of the National Defence Science. After being told about the production of the new-type high-thrust engine, he personally visited the Sohae Satellite Launching Ground at dawn to learn in detail about the technical specifications of the engine and preparations for the test and guided it. The test was conducted to confirm the overall technical indices of the engine such as features of thrust power in the combustion chamber, accurate movement of turbine pump, control system and various valves and their structural safety and reliability. He mounted an observation post and gave an order to start the test. The results of the test confirmed the stable maintenance of technical indices of all systems such as starting and stopping features of a new-type high-thrust engine of Korean style designed and manufactured by the defense scientists and technicians by their own efforts and with indigenous technology, the features of the thrust power in the combustion chamber, turbine pump, control systems in the whole course of engine operation after accurately reaching the expected values, and the perfect guarantee of their structural reliability. . He noted that the success made in the current test marked a great event of historic significance as it declared a new birth of the Juche-based rocket industry which has radically turned into a development-and creation-oriented industry both in name and in reality by completely doing away with dogmatism, conservatism and formalism left in the field of rocket industry and the dependence on the technology of other countries. He emphasized that the whole world will soon witness what eventful significance the great victory won today carries. The development and completion of a new-type high-thrust engine would help consolidate the scientific and technological foundation to match the world-level satellite delivery capability in the field of outer space development, he noted, adding with pleasure that today when a great leaping forward has been made in the development of the rocket industry is the day to be always remembered, a historic day which can be called "March 18 revolution". He said that the field of munitions industry made a series of unprecedented successes this year as it did last year, instilling dynamism into the grand revolutionary advance of all the service personnel and people. Then he had a significant photo session with the officials, scientists and technicians in the field of defense science who took part in the test. He was accompanied by Ri Pyong Chol, Kim Jong Sik and other leading officials of the C.C. the WPK and scientists and technicians in the field of rocket research.
Rodong News Team
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/C7Q9XtTU4AEO3Ov.jpg
https://twitter.com/stoa1984/status/843366837572198400
Screen capture KCTV video
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/C7R5MP8VAAAXKDm.jpg
https://twitter.com/stoa1984/status/843432303476928513
KCNA image
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/C7R5MP8VsAMa_zC.jpg
https://twitter.com/stoa1984/status/843432303476928513
KCNA image
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/C7R5MP_VsAAHkVm.jpg
https://twitter.com/stoa1984/status/843432303476928513
KCNA image
http://rodong.rep.kp/en/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2017-03-20-0001
First flight-tested in Hwasong-12's first stage configuration
May. 15, Juche 106 (2017) Monday
According to the order of Kim Jong Un, the new rocket Hwasong-12 was launched at 04:58 on Sunday.
The rocket accurately hit the targeted open waters 787km away after flying to the maximum altitude of 2 111.5km along its planned flight orbit.
The test-fire proved to the full all the technical specifications of the rocket, which was newly designed in a Korean-style by defence scientists and technicians, like guidance and stabilization systems, structural system and pressurization, inspection and launching systems and reconfirmed the reliability of new rocket engine under the practical flight circumstances.
http://www.jajusibo.com/imgdata/jajuilbo_com/201705/2017051539168409.jpg
http://jajusibo.com/sub_read.html?uid=33597§ion=sc3§ion2=
Hwasong-12 first test launch, 14 May 2017.
http://www.jajusibo.com/imgdata/jajuilbo_com/201705/2017051550403491.jpg
http://jajusibo.com/sub_read.html?uid=33597§ion=sc3§ion2=
Hwasong-12 first test launch, 14 May 2017.
http://rodong.rep.kp/en/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2017-05-15-0001
Evolution of North Korean and Iranian LVs second stages
The Safir-1 LV's second stage disclosed in 2008 is designed with two vernier engines.
The second stage of the Safir-2A disclosed in 2015 is powered by four vernier engines, developing a total of 7.2 tons of thrust.
The Unha-3's second stage as revealed in a February 2016 video is more likely made of one (or even two) main engines with 4 verniers.
The second stage of a Safir-3/[Unha-9?] could be powered by a single modified 100 tons thrust Paektusan-1B engine and four vernier engines, all feeded by a single common turbopump.
The single longer exhaust pipe is also fitted with its own expansion nozzle to further increase the overall thrust, feature first introduced in 2010 on the Safir-1B's second stage, and present in all follow-up LVs such as the 2015 Safir-2A's second stage.
http://i060.radikal.ru/1202/47/b3b97e4af7f5.jpg
http://lt.cjdby.net/thread-1320617-2-1.html
Safir-1 LV second stage evolution.
http://gallery.military.ir/albums/userpics/10333/26.jpg
http://www.military.ir/forums/topic/21289-پیگیری-اخبار-مرتبط-با-پرتاب-ماهواره-طلوع-و-پرتاب/page-28
Safir-2 LV second stage.
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/C7SsJ01VoAACX6K.jpg
https://twitter.com/stoa1984/status/843488616189906946
Photogrammetric speculations on the second stage of the February 2016's Unha-3 used to launch Kwangmyongsong-4:"More likely a main engine with 4 verniers"
North Korea has spent nearly 20 years to develop this engine
2017.03.23
According to a North Korean 1999 rocket engine schematic, which was captured on July 22, the turbo pump, which compresses and distributes fuel, including four engines and auxiliary engines, is shown as in the test of March 18, 2017. This schematic was found on the North Korean cargo ship Kuwolsan, which was suspected of carrying missile parts in June 1999 and was detained in India.
Considering that North Korea had already obtained the design in the mid-90s, before the schematic was captured, it means that it took North Koreans at least 20 years to develop the engine.
By clustering four [Rodong] engines, the output may be unstable and the engine efficiency is low," thus "To overcome these shortcomings, North Korea developed the new [Paektusan-1] engine."
http://pds.joins.com/news/component...3/23/6525d3a8-2284-4944-80b6-3f28c44027ed.jpg
http://news.joins.com/article/21396891
Schematic showing a rocket stage powered by a new Rodong engine with 4 verniers, taken aboard the North Korean "Kuwol Mountain" cargo ship captured in 1999.
http://news.joins.com/article/21396891
Photogrammetric analysis
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/C7WpQuuU8AEE5Fn.jpg
https://twitter.com/stoa1984/status/843766906033123329
High resolution image
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/C7R6XX6VsAA8pCU.jpg
https://twitter.com/stoa1984/status/843433884008116224
Close up
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/C7R6m-JU8AAab0R.jpg
https://twitter.com/stoa1984/status/843433884008116224
Close up
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/C7XcDc0VoAAn2Fj.jpg
https://twitter.com/stoa1984/status/843822649646096384
Size comparison with previous 80 tons thrust engine from the September 2016 test
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/C7YGvrTV0AARomu.jpg
https://twitter.com/stoa1984/status/843870753699188736
Photogrammetric nozzle size estimation
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/C7SJ1h-VoAMCZlv.jpg
https://twitter.com/stoa1984/status/843450611664277504
Engine might have run 150s or 300s, depending on different time unit.
Commentary
http://ipic.su/img/img7/fs/sohaestaticteststandestimation.1492152463.jpg
Measurement of Sohae static test stand with Google Earth
Rough measurement of the Eastern/Western facade of the first level of the Sohae static test stand, using Google Earth indicates a lenght of about ~12.64 meters.
The Eastern/Western facade balustrade is made of 6 distinct assembled parts, each subdivided in 12 vertical rectangles by 11 balusters (a vertical member used between railing and tread or floor, adding safety, support and stability to the balustrade).
http://ipic.su/img/img7/fs/C7WpQuuU8AEE5Fn.1490977332.jpg
The engine nozzle spans about 4 balusters, thus has a ~70 cm diameter, obviously larger than a Rodong engine! QED
Estimation more consistent with the ~90 cm measured by South Korean media (http://www.jajusibo.com/sub_read.html?uid=29662§ion=sc38)
The rocket's 2nd stage spans about 10 balusters and has a ~1.75 cm diameter
By using the South Korean 90 cm engine diameter estimation, then the rocket stage would be 2.25 cm, consistant with the speculations on a 2.2 meters diameter second stage of a future LV's through photogrammetric measurements of the vertical gantry tower from video of February 2016 Unha-3 used to launch Kwangmyongsong-4.
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/CvJJk8JUkAApJ-I.jpg
https://twitter.com/stoa1984/status/788775463967600642
S☫heil
New hint from the November 30, 2015 Third ASEAN Regional Forum Workshop on Space Security
http://ipic.su/7ypLeP.jpg
http://a4.peoplecdn.cn/8f156c6ef5d0a711be15aac3a7ef229e.jpg@1l
Third ASEAN Regional Forum Workshop on Space Security Inaugurated in Beijing, on November 30, 2015
Left: Chinese Shenzhou-8 manned return module
http://ipic.su/7ypLeQ.jpg
http://a4.peoplecdn.cn/0f0c382df305afe34aea0605a8d7fb00.jpg@1l
Third ASEAN Regional Forum Workshop on Space Security Inaugurated in Beijing, on November 30, 2015
http://m2.people.cn/r/MV80XzU2MDQyN...ple.com.cn/n/2015/1203/c1002-27883224-15.html
Two North Korean delegates conducting on-the-spot field inspection, closely studying the Chinese Shenzhou-8 manned return module
Identity of the man on the right:
http://imgs.vietnamnet.vn/Images/2012/04/12/11/20120412112848_5.jpg
http://vietnamnet.vn/vn/quoc-te/68027/ben-trong-trung-tam-dieu-hanh-ten-lua-trieu-tien.html
Back in circa 12 April 2012, Paek Chang Ho head of the General Satellite Control Center
Identity of the man on the left:
http://news.mydrivers.com/Img/20120409/2012040909364189.jpg
http://news.mydrivers.com/1/224/224055.htm
Back in April 8, 2012, at Sohae Satellite Launch Station, simply presented as a scientist and briefing foreign journalists on the upcoming Kwangmyongsong-3-1 launch mission
http://blogfile.ifeng.com/uploadfil.../1027571_99e3497eff3da76d11b5bd584119b8d3.jpg
http://blog.travel.ifeng.com/article/17255069.html
Side view
Chinese recoverable capsule
http://imgbbs.ph.126.net/PebUkPQU2ItwL30xrg14yA==/2687523077650977789.jpg
http://ipic.su/7ypk2Q.jpg
http://bbs.news.163.com/bbs/jueqi/253209112.html
From left to right, started in 1967, the Chinese "Project 714" Shuguang-1 (“曙光一号”) manned space capsule scaled model, spacesuit and life supporting system.
http://i260.photobucket.com/albums/ii39/320982/e1e56ff5.jpg
http://lt.cjdby.net/thread-591984-1-1.html
Unmanned version of "Project 714" known as FHS (返回式卫星) recoverable capsule
http://i260.photobucket.com/albums/ii39/320982/fae9408c.jpg
Integration of the recoverable capsule service module
http://zhuanti.spacechina.com/n790255/n790295/c799916/part/799928.jpg
http://zhuanti.spacechina.com/n790255/n790295/c799916/content.html
Recovery of the capsule
http://ipic.su/7ypLf0.jpg
http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/Xjr1IaMO...cu2yqiay6Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1
http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA...a0c&scene=5&srcid=0419PSCCVYcTPa2EOxaSdrXP#rd
Chinese Shijian-10 capsule after recovery
http://ipic.su/7ypLf1.jpg
http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/NEQ5H1sm...OZGy62LQDQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1
http://ipic.su/7ypmET.jpg
http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM...09a&scene=5&srcid=0419wmqodtZetBK9wQhR6nGQ#rd
Chinese Shijian-10 capsule after recovery
Unofficial CGI of Iranian orbital manned spacecraft E2
10 April 2013
http://media.jamejamonline.ir/Media/Image/1392/01/21/635011844293450022.jpg
Unofficial CGI of Iranian E2 manned orbital spacecraft with reconstructed missing Shenzhou-type return module.
http://jamejamonline.ir/online/1001418685139564907/دوستی-در-آرزوی-پرواز-به-فضا
http://www.aerospacetalk.ir/vb/showthread.php?t=51579
Various unidentified conceptual Iranian manned orbital spacecrafts
http://gallery.military.ir/albums/userpics/10198/121650.jpg
Official Iranian unidentified manned orbital spacecraft illustration
http://soheilesy.persiangig.com/image/SATL/Capsule.jpg
Iranian unidentified manned orbital spacecraft CGI
http://ipic.su/7yrji7.jpg
Iranian unidentified manned orbital spacecraft CGI
Chinese Project 863 manned orbital spacecraft
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/CtM0ycKVMAApSiu.jpg
Old Chinese Project 863 manned orbital spacecraft concept from Beijing Institute of Control Engineering of April 1989
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/CtM00zuUIAA1nnm.jpg
Old Chinese Project 863 manned orbital spacecraft concept from Beijing Institute of Control Engineering of April 1989
https://twitter.com/cnspaceflight/status/780025284942712835
2016/09/26
Difference betwen the North Korean Kwangmyongsong LV (Unha-3) and the Iranian Safir-2A
http://www.jajusibo.com/imgdata/jajuilbo_com/201609/2016092630403694.png
Four Rodong engines placed close to the center of the rocket stage, each sharing a common turbopump exhaust pipe with a lateral vernier, thus a total of four turbopump exhaust pipes, but verniers engines diverting fuel flow from the Rodong engines and lowering their thrusts.
http://www.jajusibo.com/imgdata/jajuilbo_com/201609/2016092631532303.png
Four Shahab-3 engines are placed at greater distance from the rocket stage's center, each feeded by its own turbopump and exhaust pipe. A fifth exhaust pipe for another turbopump solely dedicated to the 4 verniers near the center, thus allowing higher thrust from the Shahab-3 engines.
http://www.jajusibo.com/sub_read.html?uid=29662§ion=sc38
Mar 24, 2017
19th year ago, on Juche 87 (1998), August 31, at 12:07, the day of the 50th anniversary of the founding of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, the nation launched its first ever man-made test satellite. It was launched heading a 86 ° direction and entered a Low Earth orbit exactly after 4 minutes 53 seconds.
http://cms-bucket.nosdn.127.net/cat...b77ce01b66881e6.jpg?imageView&thumbnail=550x0
http://news.163.com/17/0326/06/CGEDDDTH0001875O.html#sns_weibo
http://www.dprktoday.com/index.php?type=2&no=19018
INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION
12 March 2009
The due date and dangerous area coordinates for the launch of a satellite are as follows:
Date: 04 to 08 April 2009
Timing: 0200-0700(UTC) daily
Coordinates
Dangerous area No.1
40°41'40"N, 135°34'45"E
40°27'22"N, 138°30'40"E
40°16'34"N, 138°30'22"E
40°30'52"N, 135°34'26"E
Dangerous area No.2
34°35'42"N, 164°40'42"E
31°22'22"N, 172°18'36"E
29°55'53"N, 172°13'47"E
33°09'16"N, 164°35'42"E
http://img2.cache.netease.com/cnews/2009/3/31/20090331131955b439e.jpg
Unha-2 ground track
http://img2.cache.netease.com/cnews/2009/3/31/2009033113202419556.jpg
Unha-2 ground track
http://img1.cache.netease.com/cnews/2009/3/31/2009033113203943af0.jpg
Unha-2 ground track
http://img2.cache.netease.com/cnews/2009/3/31/20090331132127c403f.jpg
Unha-2's first stage falling area
http://img1.cache.netease.com/cnews/2009/3/31/200903311321387a560.jpg
Unha-2's second stage falling area
http://r-windy.blog.163.com/blog/static/109073721200923112551295/
Mar 24, 2017
On April 5, 2009, at 11:20 am, a test telecommunication satellite Kwangmyongsong-2 was launched on a Unha-2 rocket.
The satellite was injected into orbit after 9 minutes and 2 seconds and was able to send measurement data transmission and relay communication.
http://www.dprktoday.com/content/gisa/2017/20170326-k1-02-2.jpg
Unha-2
http://www.dprktoday.com/content/gisa/2017/20170326-k1-02-1.jpg
Unha-2
http://www.dprktoday.com/index.php?type=2&no=19066
2012-04-09
DPRK prepares for launching Kwangmyongsong-3 satellite
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/photo/2012-04/09/131514165_11n.jpg
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/photo/2012-04/09/c_131514165.htm
Sohae LC-1
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/photo/2012-04/09/131514165_41n.jpg
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/photo/2012-04/09/c_131514165_4.htm
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/photo/2012-04/09/131514165_71n.jpg
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/photo/2012-04/09/c_131514165_7.htm
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/photo/2012-04/09/131514165_81n.jpg
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/photo/2012-04/09/c_131514165_8.htm
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/photo/2012-04/09/131514165_101n.jpg
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/photo/2012-04/09/c_131514165_10.htm
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/photo/2012-04/09/131514165_61n.jpg
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/photo/2012-04/09/c_131514165_6.htm
Kwangmyongsong-3
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/photo/2012-04/09/131514165_31n.jpg
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/photo/2012-04/09/c_131514165_3.htm
Kwangmyongsong-3
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/photo/2012-04/09/c_131514165.htm
April 13. 2012
TREACHEROUS MAGNETIC STORM: A solar wind stream hit Earth's magnetic field on April 12th, sparking a geomagnetic storm (Kp=5) that peaked during the early hours of Friday the 13th.
http://spaceweather.com/images2012/13apr12/luckyshot_strip.jpg
"The sky was ablaze in light. Northern lights were so bright they lit up the beach! It was an amazing night."
http://spaceweather.com/archive.php?view=1&day=13&month=04&year=2012
1 39026U 12072A 12347.09611576 -.00000066 00000-0 00000+0 0 10
2 39026 097.4047 036.0317 0067405 176.3492 277.5861 15.08261084 19
North Korea close to completing upgrades to Sohae launch site
24 June 2015
Ongoing modifications to the launch pad at North Korea's Sohae satellite launch centre suggest it will be the location for upcoming satellite launches.
Paek Chang Ho, vice director of Scientific Research and Development at National Aeronautics Development Agency (NADA), said in an Associated Press interview in late May that a new "earth observation satellite" was under development. He did not say which space launch vehicle (SLV) would be used, when the launch would occur, or from where it would be launched.
Nonetheless, North Korea's modus operandi of linking major technological developments to important dates for the nation has led to speculation that it could be launched in October to coincide with the 70th anniversary of the Korean Workers' Party.
Sohae (also known as Tongchang-ri) is on North Korea's West Sea/Yellow Sea coast and is one of two space launch facilities in the country; the other is Tonghae (also known as Musudan-ri), which is on the East Sea/Sea of Japan coast.
Satellite imagery of the Tonghae facility taken on 6 June 2015 shows no significant activity at the site. Construction of a large new launch pad, assembly building, and the supporting roads has stopped and the Unha-2 pad that was last used in 2009 appears to be mothballed.
The lack of activity at Tonghae - and a number of other factors - reinforces assertions that Sohae has become the main hub for North Korea's space and long-range missile programme. Analysts have suggested that Pyongyang has prioritised the Sohae site to minimise the diplomatic fallout of rocket debris landing in Japanese territory, which was possible with launches from Tonghae.
There have been two launches from Sohae since its public debut in 2012, although neither has been fully successful. An Unha-3 launch in April 2012 suffered a catastrophic failure in the first stage, while in December 2012 an Unha-3 rocket was successfully launched but failed to put its payload - a small satellite - into the correct orbit.
Despite these failures, Sohae is already undergoing a second stage of evolution. Its first incarnation (from 2001 to present) was as a test range developed to launch satellites using the Unha rocket and to perform rocket engine testing. Since 2013, North Korea has made a number of changes to the Sohae site to allow it to operate more efficiently and to launch a wider range of rockets that could relate to the mock-up of a new, larger SLV that was first seen at the Sanum Dong research and development facility, outside Pyongyang, in April 2012.
Imagery of Sohae taken on 3 June 2015 shows that this major construction project is almost complete. If the pad is cleared in August, the assembly and check-out timelines for the two Unha-3 launches in 2012 suggest that a launch could take place in October.
The construction programme at Sohae includes:
1. Raising the height of the gantry tower on the launch pad in 2014 to launch taller rockets while retaining the Unha launch capability.
2. Building a railway line to the Unha launch pad in 2014 to transport a large first stage to the pad for assembly and check-out. The terminus was completed in May 2015 and has a 4 m by 20 m opening into the rail tunnel that will allow the rocket to be lifted onto a moveable trailer on the launch pad.
3. Building a three-storey horizontal assembly building on the east end of the launch pad. The high bay section of the building is 30 m long by 20 m wide and has a single storey section facing the gantry tower. The high bay section has a 10 m long by 5 m high opening in the side that faces the railway tracks.
4. Building a 30 m long by 20 m wide three-storey first stage mover at the gantry tower end of the launch pad. So far three sides of the structure have been completed but when finished it will have a fourth side and probably some type of roof. It is mounted on a platform that moves on rails that run from the gantry tower to the opening in the rail tunnel and the new horizontal assembly building. The mover has a folding section of the floor that allows access to the tunnel opening.
Although the upgrade work will allow the Sohae launch pad to launch larger rockets, it is probable that the pad will still retain the capability to launch Unha-series SLVs. North Korea has previously announced that there will be six more Unha launches up to Unha-9.
Other upgrade work at Sohae appears intended to obscure activities on the ground. For example, work to cover the rail spur will complicate external observation and may make estimates of future SLV launches, of all sizes, more difficult.
http://www.janes.com/article/52551/north-korea-close-to-completing-upgrades-to-sohae-launch-site
Satellite launch imminent
September 23, 2015
This is North Korea's newly opened satellite control center.
CNN had been given an exclusive interview with the senior officials who run it, though the front door is as close as we're permitted to get.
Two senior directors of the National Aeronautical Development Association (NADA) tell us a launch is "imminent" and final preparations are underway to send rockets and "multiple satellites" into space.
Some international observers have speculated the satellite control center is actually a military facility, but its appearance, at least on the surface, suggests otherwise.
We're greeted by two of the program's top scientists dressed in smart, newly designed uniforms, a row of brass buttons down the front of their jackets, and a smart military cap.
Hyon Gwang Il is the director of scientific development at NADA, and Kim Gun Song is in charge of the Satellite Control Center.
They invite two other scientists to join the conversation.
http://edition.cnn.com/2015/09/23/asia/north-korea-space-center-ripley-schwarz/
29 Jan, 2016
Pyongyang may be preparing for no less than a space launch, US officials told the media, citing recently obtained satellite imagery of a site around the Sohae Satellite Launching Station – and it may come sooner than later.
...
Recent movement of components and propellant could indicate that North Korea is considering a rocket launch in the near future, unnamed US officials told Reuters.
...
“The indications are that they are preparing for some kind of launch… Could be for a satellite or a space vehicle – there are a lot of guesses,” the official said. “North Korea does this periodically – they move things back and forth... There’s nothing to indicate it is ballistic-missile related.”
http://s4.reutersmedia.net/resource...171&w=976&fh=&fw=&ll=&pl=&sq=&r=LYNXNPEC0R1JR
https://www.rt.com/news/330525-north-korea-space-rocket-launch/
IMO and ITU
February 2, 2016
North Korea has begun informing international organizations of its intention to launch an earth observation satellite sometime between February 8 and 25.
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) in London said it had received notice of the launch and would be issuing an advisory to its members. Such notifications are commonplace for space launches or missile tests and serve as warnings to ships and aircraft to stay away from areas through which the rocket will fly or fall.
The launch notification named the satellite as “Kwangmyongsong,” (광명성) which is the same name given to previous satellites that were built by the country.
The International Telecommunications Union (ITU) said it had also received a notification. The letter, which came through the DPRK’s mission to the United Nations in New York, indicated the satellite would have a lifetime of 4 years.
Here’s the notification to the IMO in Korean:
http://photo.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2016/02/03/2016020300732.htmlCode:http://image.chosun.com/sitedata/image/201602/03/2016020300710_1.jpg http://image.chosun.com/sitedata/image/201602/03/2016020300710_2.jpg http://image.chosun.com/sitedata/image/201602/03/2016020300710_3.jpg
Here’s the translations:
http://www.northkoreatech.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/160202-imo-1.png
http://www.northkoreatech.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/160202-imo-2-570x720.png
http://www.northkoreatech.org/2016/02/02/dprk-signals-february-satellite-launch/
Launch notification reveals rocket drop zones
February 3, 2016
The launch notification sent on Tuesday by the DPRK to the International Maritime Organization warns of three areas that shipping should stay away from when the country conducts its planned satellite launch.
The launch is due to take place from Sohae satellite launch site sometime between February 8 and 25 between 7am and noon Pyongyang time. The three zones are the areas where the rocket’s first stage, fairing and second stage will drop back to sea.
The first stage is the lower part of the rocket and provides the power for the first minute or so of its flight. Once the fuel is used up, this detaches and falls back to earth. At that point the second stage engines fire up to take the satellite closer to space.
The fairing is the protective cover that sits around the satellite during the first part of its journey. Once the rocket gets high enough, the fairing is no longer needed and that too is jettisoned. Finally, the second stage engine cuts out and the rest of the rocket falls back to earth.
If all has gone according to plan, the satellite has been delivered to the right spot and continues its journey in orbit.
Here are the three areas on a map with Sohae launch site indicated at the top of the picture.
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/CaSKDhvUUAAsJjw.jpg
http://aihua191.blog.163.com/blog/static/19149083201611063321885/
Falling area of 1st stage, fairing and 2nd stage
The zones are close but not identical to those used in launches in 2012.
The first stage is expected to land in the sea off the west coast of South Korea. That gives the South Korean Navy the chance to recover the rocket and see what they can learn about improvements in North Korean rocket technology.
The fairing will fall in a larger area off the south west coast of South Korea, closer to Jeju Island. This drop zone might be larger because the fairing is less aerodynamic and so its fall is more difficult to predict.
http://img0.ph.126.net/6472czvSgJu-SDnase1wLg==/6598084615948736565.jpg
http://liuqiankktt.blog.163.com/blog/static/12126421120161902943664/
April 2012 splash downs in green, 2016 in yellow; Top: first stages, Bottom: fairings.
And finally, the second stage rocket is expected to land in waters to the east of the Philippines. This is similar to a previous North Korean satellite launch and will disrupt air travel in the region.
http://img0.ph.126.net/FdHf7gQg3Nei0VxIBavHQA==/6631211801727173343.jpg
http://liuqiankktt.blog.163.com/blog/static/12126421120161902943664/
Second stages: April 2012 splash downs in green, 2016 in yellow
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/CaOyOUOUUAAP-Kd.jpg
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/CaOyOUOUUAAP-Kd.jpg
Side view of first and second stages splash downs
https://www.northkoreatech.org/2016/02/03/launch-notification-reveals-rocket-drop-zones/
NOTAM
030946 RKRRYNYX
(A0170/16 NOTAMN Q)RKRR/QRPCA/IV/NBO/W/000/999/ 3542N12442E030 A)RKRR B)1602072230 C)1602250330
D)2230-0330
E)TEMPO PROHIBITED AREA ACT DUE TO MISSILE LAUNCHING BY DPRK :
AREA BOUNDED BY 360400N1243000E-360400N1245400E -351900N1245400E- 351900N1243000E TO
THE BEGINNING.
RMK : MISSILE DEBRIS WILL FALL IN THIS AREA.
F)SFC G)UNL)
030946 RKRRYNYX
(A0171/16 NOTAMN Q)RKRR/QRPCA/IV/NBO/W/000/999 /3249N12439E043
A)RKRR B)1602072230 C)1602250330
D)2230-0330
E)TEMPO PROHIBITED AREA ACT DUE TO MISSILE LAUNCHING BY DPRK:
AREABOUNDED BY 331600N1241100E-331600N1250900E -322100N1250800E- 322200N1241100E TO THE BEGINNING.
RMK : MISSILE DEBRIS WILL FALL IN THIS AREA.
F)SFC G)UNL)
030957 RKRRYNYX
(A0173/16 NOTAMN Q)RKRR/QARLC/IV/NBO/E/000/999/ 3531N12425E103
A)RKRR B)1602072230 C)1602250330
D)2230-0330
E)ATS RTE Y655 CLSD DUE TO MISSILE LAUNCHING BY DPRK F)SFC G)UNL)
https://c2.staticflickr.com/2/1668/24237429354_a0acf988e3_c.jpg
https://yinlei.org/x-plane10/2016/02/korea-rocket-notam.html
https://yinlei.org/x-plane10/2016/02/korea-rocket-notam.html
NOTAM
040803 RPLLYNYX
(B0521/16 NOTAMN Q)RPHI/QARLC/IV/NBO/E/000/999/ 1820N12512E207
A)RPHI B)1602072130 C)1602250400
D) 2130-0400
E) DUE TO SECOND STAGE OF NORTH KOREA ROCKET LAUCH WI THE
AREA BOUNDED BY 1944N12353E、1943N12451E、1700N12448E、1701N12352E THE FLW RTE SEGMENTS ARE CLSD:
1)M501 BTN OMDOB AND BEDIP
2)A590 BTN GURAG AND MUPOB
3)R597 BTN SKATE AND SARSI
4)A582 BTN BISIG AND SARSI
ALTN RTE:
- MEVIN B462 (INBOUND MANILA FIR)
- N884 LEBIX (OUTBOUND MANILA FIR)
- OTHER RTE SUBJECT TO ATC APPROVAL.)
https://c2.staticflickr.com/2/1468/24239234953_795ccec892_c.jpg
https://yinlei.org/x-plane10/2016/02/korea-rocket-notam.html
https://yinlei.org/x-plane10/2016/02/korea-rocket-notam.html
光明星-4
1 41332U 16009A 16038.14644914 -.00000078 00000-0 00000+0 0 9995
2 41332 97.5252 86.5353 0025077 338.8338 109.9351 15.27468129 16
KMS R/B
1 41333U 16009B 16038.14607882 -.00000088 00000-0 00000+0 0 9990
2 41333 97.5365 86.5377 0050434 335.5935 113.4545 15.32867593 19
http://ipic.su/img/img7/fs/Ca14TgaVAAALB5k.1490805557.png
https://twitter.com/guruguruuzumaki/status/697345794848874496/photo/1
Kwangmyongsong-4 as photographed on 10 February 2016 from Japan. 北朝鮮の光明星4号(KMS4)の撮影成功 2016年02月10日 18:06:08 ぐるぐるうづまき@guruguruuzumaki
http://shonan-tenmon.weebly.com/uploads/2/6/4/8/26483332/光明星４号_160505.jpg
http://shonan-tenmon.weebly.com/124621251512521125221254020161997826399.html
Kwangmyongsong-4, as photographed on 4 May 2016, at 19:28:37 Japan Standard Time, AL106, f552mm, F5.2, EOS-6D, ISO6400, from a 1072km distance
Mar. 1, Juche 105 (2016) Tuesday
Russian Space Center Confirms Kwangmyongsong-4's Proper Operation
The National Space Monitoring Center under the air and space forces of the Russian Defense Ministry confirmed that the DPRK's earth observation satellite Kwangmyongsong-4 is now normally operating.
Andrei Kallyuta, chief of the center, said this in a program of Ruskaya Sluzhuba Novostei Broadcasting Service on Feb. 22.
He added that he could draw a conclusion that Kwangmyongsong-4 is a remote controlled earth observation satellite on the basis of the information about its orbit such as the analysis of revolution period, angle of inclination at which it was put into its orbit and altitude and in other words it is capable of performing its observation function and its devices are working.
Rodong News Team
http://rodong.rep.kp/en/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2016-05-28-0004
May. 28, Juche 105 (2016) Saturday
Satellite Kwangmyongsong-4 Officially Registered by UN
The DPRK presented the UN with a document for registering a satellite as a signatory to the "Convention on Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space" as it successfully launched its earth observation satellite Kwangmyongsong-4 on Feb. 7, Juche 105 (2016).
Recently the UN Office for Outer Space Affairs worked out UN official document ST/SG/SER.E/768, the one related to the register of Kwangmyongsong-4, and posted it separately on websites.
The register of the DPRK's satellite conducted after going through legal procedures according to relevant international laws has thus been rounded off.
The DPRK's earth observation satellite Kwangmyongsong-4 launched according to the 2016 plan of the 5-year plan for national aerospace development is now going round the earth along its orbit.
Rodong News Team
http://rodong.rep.kp/en/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2016-05-28-0004
The Use of Satellite Imagery in Oil Reserve Exploration
- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)
“RADARSAT (SAR) really detects changes in the surface tension caused by oil only a few microns thick and RADARSAT can detect as little as one-half to one liter of oil escaping per day.”
- Gravitational
Another type of satellite is using gravitational forces to create a map that can be used to locate oil reserves. These forces can be used as a useful tool because oil is often surrounded by materials such as limestone and clay which are light and have less gravitational force than surrounding materials.
Mar 24,2015
“We estimate there are 60 billion to 90 billion barrels of crude oil reserves in North Korea,” said a North Korean economic official at the time.
If those arguments turn out to be true, North Korea has the eighth-largest crude oil reserves in the world, next to the United Arab Emirates.
http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=3002247
https://blog.urthecast.com/education-tag/the-use-of-satellite-imagery-in-oil-reserve-exploration/
Space launch forecast
Mar 26, 2017
Series of articles celebrating two decades of achievements in space activities published since March 24, 2017, in Korean and hinting at an upcoming major space launch, to mark the August 31, 1998 Kwangmyongsong-1 anniversary.
April 25 is Military Foundation Day, thus a space launch might be attempted on April 24.
http://cms-bucket.nosdn.127.net/cat...b77ce01b66881e6.jpg?imageView&thumbnail=550x0
http://news.163.com/17/0326/06/CGEDDDTH0001875O.html#sns_weibo
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/C70_rD9VwAIKiVb.jpg
http://www.dprktoday.com/index.php?type=2&no=19018
https://twitter.com/cnspaceflight/status/845902325600333825
May. 5, Juche 106 (2017) Friday
DPRK Warns U.S., S. Korean Intelligence Agencies of Merciless Punishment: Ministry of State Security
The Ministry of State Security of the DPRK released the following statement Friday:
A terrorists' group, which the CIA and the IS infiltrated into the DPRK on the basis of covert and meticulous preparations to commit state-sponsored terrorism against the supreme leadership of the DPRK by use of bio-chemical substance, has been recently detected.
They hatched a plot of letting Kim commit bomb terrorism targeting the supreme leadership during events at the Kumsusan Palace of the Sun and at military parade and public procession after his return home.
They told him that assassination by use of biochemical substances including radioactive substance and nano poisonous substance is the best method that does not require access to the target, their lethal results will appear after six or twelve months, bio-chemical substance can be added in cooperation with the CIA if one single correct information is obtained,
on April 13, 17 and 20 this year they let Kim know that they officially confirmed the types of bio-chemical substance and hardware to be used for committing terrorist act against the supreme leadership
KCNA
http://kcna.kp
May. 3, Juche 106 (2017) Wednesday
Commentary on DPRK-China Relations
Kim Chol released a commentary on Wednesday, urging Chinese newspapers to refrain from making reckless remarks undermining the DPRK-China relations.
Their call for not only slapping stricter sanctions but also not ruling out a military intervention if the DPRK refuses to abandon its nuclear program is no more than an extremely ego-driven theory based on big-power chauvinism that not only the strategic interests but also the dignity and vital rights of the DPRK should be sacrificed for the interests of China.
China should no longer try to test the limits of the DPRK's patience but make proper strategic option, facing up to the situation.
China had better ponder over the grave consequences to be entailed by its reckless act of chopping down the pillar of the DPRK-China relations. -0-
Kim Chol
http://rodong.rep.kp/en/index.php?strPageID=SF01_02_01&newsID=2017-05-05-0010
