1. Does not compute. I'm not registered as a voter for the US, if that's what you mean. I think every citizen >= 18 yo can vote here in the Netherlands, maybe with a few exceptions, so there's not really such a thing as registration (except for citizenship itself). If you want to include other countries in your poll, 'yes' would probably be closest to the truth, otherwise 'no'.
2. Yes
3. I looked up the US school system. That's ages 11-14, right? My answer is yes, and you should probably start even earlier. Maybe not with all aspects though, but basically you should start educating before the kids start exploring for themselves (driven by hormones etc.). Not to prevent them from exploring, but to prepare them and keep it safe.
4. I think parents should have the most important role here, but as kids spend so much more time at school than with their parents, I still say yes here. But a school should really stick to the facts. Emotional aspects are often coupled to cultural values, and a school (especially a public school), like other authorities such as the government, should not try to enforce any but the most essential cultural patterns. I don't think emotional aspects should be part of graduation tests.
5. Yes, of course. Is there no consensus about this? (*scrolling through other posts*)