Updates The Iranian Space Program Thread

Soheil_Esy · Apr 30, 2021

Part 86

Kavoshgar-9 Part 3

How it's going

Kavoshgar-9 to be launched before 21 March 2021

Possibility of launching Iran's biological capsule by the end of the [Persian calendar year]

Taybi Rahni, Research Advisor to the Director of the Aerospace Research Institute of the Ministry of Science: As soon as the exact time of launching the biological capsule will be announced, we hope that we will be able to take effective action in launching the capsule by the end of March 2021 [Persian calendar year].

https://web.archive.org/web/20210220210347/https://www.iribnews.ir/fa/news/3024952/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84-%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8-%DA%A9%D9%BE%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C-%D8%AA%D8%A7-%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84
https://archive.is/I68i2
https://web.archive.org/web/20210220212322/https://twitter.com/yjc___agency/status/1363013520699363332

https://archive.vn/8SWv1/04df118760300151cdacdee4be8459da1111ffc8.jpg ; https://archive.vn/8SWv1/82a5a7b2b4f5b496e1b2dee1703fa7d4dca42064/scr.png ; https://web.archive.org/web/20210220210541/https://cdn01.zoomit.ir/2021/2/iran-human-rated-capsule.jpg ; https://web.archive.org/web/20210220212234/https://www.zoomit.ir/tech-iran/367656-iranian-human-rated-capsule-ready/ ;https://archive.vn/k9kYk
▲ 1. Kavoshgar-9 suborbital unmanned capsule. February 2021.

https://archive.vn/Wm0nH/7e75d354ddb8681c9cfa9f01d131eaf157e6b959.jpg ; https://archive.vn/Wm0nH/3baa7ed0cb3da76100e10f1c3d433e12fab7b1ce/scr.png ; https://web.archive.org/web/20210220210349/https://www.iribnews.ir/files/fa/news/1399/12/2/6073496_254.jpg ; https://web.archive.org/web/20210220210347/https://www.iribnews.ir/fa/news/3024952/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84-%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8-%DA%A9%D9%BE%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C-%D8%AA%D8%A7-%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84 ; https://archive.is/I68i2
▲ 2. Kavoshgar-9 in preparation for Iran's ultimate goal: a first orbital manned mission.

Meanwhile harsh landing back on earth for ISRO, with a reality check in the new era of all-pandemics subtropical climate earth.

Major upset as the original plan was not even realistic to begin with.

Indian astronaut will not be sent to space when the country celebrates its 75th year of Independence in 2022!

Beware Team Bharat, team North Korea-Iran, Turkey, and now even Thailand will all claim this most coveted 4th place as a manned spacefaring power!

Remember The Tortoise and the Hare fable?

Gaganyaan manned mission not before 2023: Minister

Surendra Singh / TNN / Feb 17, 2021, 02:07 IST

NEW DELHI: The Gaganyaan manned mission, hit by the pandemic-triggered restrictions, has been further delayed and India’s maiden human spaceflight launch is not likely before 2023. “First unmanned mission is planned in December 2021.

Second unmanned flight is planned in 2022-23, followed by human spaceflight demonstration,” Union minister of state for space Jitendra Singh told the Lok Sabha in a written reply recently. Isro chairman K Sivan told TOI that a “human-rated GSLV MkIII rocket with a modified top portion involving provision for a crew module and a crew escape system is being readied for the first unmanned mission in December and a humanoid to be sent on it will be ready by October”.

http://web.archive.org/web/20210218192429/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/gaganyaan-manned-mission-not-before-2023-minister/articleshow/81013233.cms
https://archive.is/rZq9p#selection-1447.467-1447.468

If ISRO can't keep its target goal of 2022 for a manned spaceflight due to the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, then it will only be able to launch fireworks for the next 2 decades!

Because during the past year, COVID-19 was only a mild flu compared to the severity of incoming B117, P1 et al. strains forecasted for March 2021!

5 Feb 2021

TWO DIFFERENT COVID19 PANDEMICS—Many think with cases dropping that pandemic is nearly over. But truth is, there are now 2 different #SARSCoV2 pandemics diverging—old strain is waning, while the more contagious #B117 strain is dominating. We will be soon slammed very hard.

https://archive.vn/BX3pc/013b4caa2cb245019b2bed9f9c3cdc09297549a1.jpg ; https://archive.vn/BX3pc/30afac48c5a0b507896e35a44a7c73c2b0dab6a0/scr.png ; https://web.archive.org/web/20210220220812/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EtcNJGXXcAA0rXv?format=jpg&name=large
▲ 3. Here is what is going to happen... currently R is ~0.9 in many places, but with the more infectious #B117, the R will jump 50% approximately. And it is inevitable (all CDC and Danish models say this) that B117 will take over as the reigning dominant variant soon... · Feb 5, 2021

https://twitter.com/DrEricDing/status/1357566949404905472

Apr 24, 2021

1 million COVID19 deaths projected in India by August 2021. The model even assumes vaccines will bring it under control by May 17th (peak deaths).

God help us. God help India.

(Projections by the world renowned epidemiology center @IHME_UW)
https://covid19.healthdata.org/india?view=total-deaths&tab=trend

https://archive.ph/6KumA/30b15ba3ad3a7672a53fe4cb79b74dbb1b26ddcd/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20210427130356/https://twitter.com/DrEricDing/status/1386998523288334344 ; https://archive.ph/6KumA ; https://archive.ph/bDiSB ; https://archive.ph/bDiSB/bdb24fb2bc30346079bee7d4c150259c9a4e35fb/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20210427131321/https://covid19.healthdata.org/india?view=total-deaths&tab=trend
▲ 4. One million COVID19 deaths projected in India by August 2021. Apr 24, 2021·

Govt completely bans use of ‘liquid oxygen’ for industrial purposes

All stocks of liquid oxygen should be made available to government for use for medical purposes

Apr 26, 2021 07:17 AM (IST)

Tribune News Service

New Delhi, April 25

Keeping in view the acute shortage of life-saving gas, the government on Sunday completely banned the use of “liquid oxygen” for industrial purposes, as the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) in a communication to all the states and the Union Territories, also made it clear that “no exception is allowed to any industry” with regard to use of the commodity.

In a letter to chief secretaries if the states and the UTs, Union Home Secretary Ajay Bhalla, in the capacity of the chairman of the executive committee of the National Disaster Management Act (NDMA) said, “All the authorities need to ensure that use of liquid oxygen is not allowed for any non-medical purpose and that all manufacturing units may maximise their production of liquid oxygen, and make it available to the Government for use for medical purposes only, with immediate effect and until further orders.”

He added that all stocks of liquid oxygen should also be made available to the Government for use for medical purposes and “no exception is allowed to any industry with regard to use of liquid oxygen”.

Bhalla said after reviewing the oxygen supply situation in the country it was considered necessary to restrict industrial usage of oxygen for ensuring availability of adequate and uninterrupted supply of medical oxygen across the country for management of COVID-19 patients and necessary order in this regard was issued on April 22, 2021 to restrict the use of industrial oxygen with an exception of nine identified industrial activities.

But now after a second review of the oxygen supply situation, it has been decided that with immediate effect, “use of liquid oxygen, including the existing stock, will be allowed for medical purposes only”, Bhalla said.

http://web.archive.org/web/20210427125526/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/govt-completely-bans-use-of-liquid-oxygen-for-industrial-purposes-244070
https://archive.is/rkKZc

The upper stage in GSLV MK-III vehicle is cryogenic stage with 28 tonnes of propellant loading and designated as C25. The C25 Stage is powered with a 20 ton thrust (nominal) engine working on Gas Generator (GG) cycle. C25 stage is a high performance cryo stage carrying a propellant combination of liquid Hydrogen stored at 20 K and liquid Oxygen stored at 77 K.

http://web.archive.org/web/20210427130610/https://www.isro.gov.in/first-developmental-flight-of-gslv-mk-iii
https://archive.ph/iEYmc

https://archive.vn/EUi5G/f4d039f2499b8736bb00e250b72faa3d7dc1171a.jpg ; https://archive.vn/EUi5G/d0d41152f21d3849b0d412a6d84595134447f7df/scr.png ; https://web.archive.org/web/20210223030101/https://i.imgur.com/e1s8ElL.jpg
▲ 5. India racing for the 6th place.

https://archive.vn/1KmUZ/a7f7b6f1b606d54bf90d3cb327a87c21ab78ea87.png ; https://archive.vn/1KmUZ/dcdf7cac9f757d97c310b1af7d935d9f63e61da1/scr.png ; https://archive.vn/DjWM3/7a8614845dae7f75999b289c2cefc0ad505159a6.png ; https://archive.vn/DjWM3/dcdf7cac9f757d97c310b1af7d935d9f63e61da1/scr.png ; https://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?action=dlattach;topic=11734.0;attach=2014406;image ; https://web.archive.org/web/20210224233422/https://i.imgur.com/a9CJNVO.png
▲ 6. Kavoshgar 9 biocapsule. February 2021.

Video

Iran Space Agency: astronaut, Kavoshgar-9 project & launch in June ایران سازمان فضایی ارسال انسان
3,689 views•Feb 23, 2021
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YZPMC4Zbk3A

India sometimes after 2024, as for Iran no earlier than 2024!???

First Iranian biocapsule that will be manned by a robot will be transferred in May/June this year for launch preparations.

Plan is to have five successful unmanned tests until 2025/2026 to qualify it for human spaceflight.

Kavoshgar-9 should be 1.25 meter in diameter, or 3/4 scale model.

Kavoshgar-10 should be full size, with 2 meters in diameter.

This means with 5 successful unmanned tests, from Kavoshgar-10 to Kavoshgar-14 the manned mission will start with Kavoshgar-15 at the earliest!

Iran Manned Space Race For The 4th Place

Mission	Launch date	Altitude	Crew	Spacecraft	Launcher
Iran 1	First half of 2021	Suborbital 190 km	Dummy	Kavoshgar-9	Shahab-1
Iran 2	Mid-2021	Suborbital 190 km	Dummy	Kavoshgar-10	Safir-1D
Iran 3	First half of 2022	Suborbital 190 km	Dummy	Kavoshgar-11	Safir-1D
Iran 4	Mid-2022	Suborbital 190 km	Dummy	Kavoshgar-12	Safir-1D
Iran 5	First half of 2023	Suborbital 190 km	Dummy	Kavoshgar-13	Safir-1D
Iran 6	Mid-2023	Suborbital 190 km	Dummy	Kavoshgar-14	Safir-1D
Iran 7	11 February 2024 Anniversary of the Islamic Revolution Victory (Yekshanbeh, 22 Bahman 1402)	Suborbital 190 km	Iran's first astronaut	Kavoshgar-15	Safir-1D

Code:

╔═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
║                                              Iran's Manned Space Race For The 4th Place                                         ║
╠═════════╤═══════════════════════════════════════════════╤═══════════════════╤════════════════════════╤══════════════╤═══════════╣
║ Mission │ Launch date                                   │ Altitude          │ Crew                   │ Spacecraft   │ Launcher  ║
╠═════════╪═══════════════════════════════════════════════╪═══════════════════╪════════════════════════╪══════════════╪═══════════╣
║ Iran 1  │ First half of 2021                            │ Suborbital 190 km │ Dummy                  │ Kavoshgar-9  │ Shahab-1  ║
╟─────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────────────┼────────────────────────┼──────────────┼───────────╢
║ Iran 2  │ Mid-2021                                      │ Suborbital 190 km │ Dummy                  │ Kavoshgar-10 │ Safir-1D  ║
╟─────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────────────┼────────────────────────┼──────────────┼───────────╢
║ Iran 3  │ First half of 2022                            │ Suborbital 190 km │ Dummy                  │ Kavoshgar-11 │ Safir-1D  ║
╟─────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────────────┼────────────────────────┼──────────────┼───────────╢
║ Iran 4  │ Mid-2022                                      │ Suborbital 190 km │ Dummy                  │ Kavoshgar-12 │ Safir-1D  ║
╟─────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────────────┼────────────────────────┼──────────────┼───────────╢
║ Iran 5  │ First half of 2023                            │ Suborbital 190 km │ Dummy                  │ Kavoshgar-13 │ Safir-1D  ║
╟─────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────────────┼────────────────────────┼──────────────┼───────────╢
║ Iran 6  │ Mid-2023                                      │ Suborbital 190 km │ Dummy                  │ Kavoshgar-14 │ Safir-1D  ║
╟─────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────────────┼────────────────────────┼──────────────┼───────────╢
║ Iran 7  │ 11 February 2024                              │ Suborbital 190 km │ Iran's first astronaut │ Kavoshgar-15 │ Safir-1D  ║
║         │ Anniversary of the Islamic Revolution Victory │                   │                        │              │           ║
║         │ (Yekshanbeh, 22 Bahman 1402)                  │                   │                        │              │           ║
╚═════════╧═══════════════════════════════════════════════╧═══════════════════╧════════════════════════╧══════════════╧═══════════╝

https://archive.is/uDuOa/0dd6b120bfd5521fcff62cc9b3b6a7153efd3961.jpg ; https://archive.is/uDuOa/31e70228fc3f11c223357f95ce67531871611fce/scr.png ; https://web.archive.org/web/20210225075243/https://i.imgur.com/yP4GTQj.jpg
▲ 7.The Kavoshgar 1 to 11 biocapsules family, as of February 2021.

The current lineup of all the competitors for the 4th space race:

https://archive.vn/15xcb/210f2355242ffc4ce97fb8870111c9b19716aa19.jpg ; https://archive.vn/15xcb/3bd39178dbd3f41fe8fe814a3fcf1cc9ae248648/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20210302104318/https://i.imgur.com/JxkJviu.jpg
▲ 8. Competitors of the 4th Space Race, as of March 2021.

?

Soheil_Esy · Apr 30, 2021

Part 87

Kavoshgar-9 Part 4

TBD

Soheil_Esy · Apr 30, 2021

Part 88

Kavoshgar-10

TBD

Soheil_Esy · Apr 30, 2021

Part 89

Iranian orbital manned spacecraft E2

http://media.isna.ir/content/sm-final2.jpg/4
Iranian E2 manned orbital spacecraft CGI from 2013: propulsion module

http://media.isna.ir/content/25-375.jpg/4
Iranian E2 manned orbital spacecraft CGI from 2013: propulsion module

Researchers have success in the design of manned orbital spacecraft

2013/8/27

Design life of 14 days, orbital mission of up to 3 days with a crew of one to two astronauts.

Telecommunication antennas, solar arrays and radiators are installed outside the spacecraft.

Injection orbit of 250 × 200 km altitude, with operating altitude of 330 Km ± 5 km

Length of 5 m and diameter of 2.5 to 1.45 m, which is about four cubic meters volume
The mass of the propulsion module is 2.5 tons
The Reentry module has a mass of 2.5 tons.

Solar Electric system power: 1.00 average kW.
Batteries power: 0.2 kW

http://web.archive.org/web/20210611232613/https://www.isna.ir/news/92060502937/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%81%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD%DB%8C-%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1
https://archive.ph/tqPWQ

Unofficial CGI of Iranian orbital manned spacecraft E2

10 April 2013

https://archive.ph/TyUan/48ca633caca541cf982d3c109f4e0a25d77639dc.jpg ; https://archive.ph/TyUan/7ef9f6c82286daebcb93f7f97f3d12798778b81e/scr.png ;
http://web.archive.org/web/20170608104640/http://media.jamejamonline.ir/Media/Image/1392/01/21/635011844293450022.jpg
▲ 3. Unofficial CGI of Iranian E2 manned orbital spacecraft with reconstructed missing Shenzhou-type return module.

http://web.archive.org/web/20170627122049/http://jamejamonline.ir/online/1001418685139564907/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1%E2%80%8C-%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%88%DB%8C-%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7
http://web.archive.org/web/20191207082116/http://www.aerospacetalk.ir/vb/showthread.php?t=51579
https://archive.ph/Tga51
https://archive.ph/wKPIK

Various unidentified conceptual Iranian manned orbital spacecrafts

http://gallery.military.ir/albums/userpics/10198/121650.jpg
Official Iranian unidentified manned orbital spacecraft illustration

http://soheilesy.persiangig.com/image/SATL/Capsule.jpg
Iranian unidentified manned orbital spacecraft CGI

http://ipic.su/7yrji7.jpg
Iranian unidentified manned orbital spacecraft CGI

Chinese Project 863 manned orbital spacecraft

https://archive.ph/v7B6W/eb1f26a6b0c3304fccee8f638aa6dc020bbf7ec3.jpg ; https://archive.ph/v7B6W/fb4ca8291656dd4d2cc7390f2b968582b0d5aeee/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20210611232250/https://i.imgur.com/Y9SdiRv.jpg ; https://twitter.com/cnspaceflight/status/780025284942712835
▲ 1. Old Chinese Project 863 manned orbital spacecraft concept from Beijing Institute of Control Engineering of April 1989.

https://archive.ph/XziWq/a3f74c81f3d9a4a226fbf39d62b61010540ed615.jpg ; https://archive.ph/XziWq/3c279443097e2932fc9766b70158a4b25b59ad5f/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20191220145324/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/CtM00zuUIAA1nnm.jpg ; https://twitter.com/cnspaceflight/status/780025284942712835
▲ 2. Old Chinese Project 863 manned orbital spacecraft concept from Beijing Institute of Control Engineering of April 1989.

North Korean manned orbital spacecraft

Choson Sinbo, April 10, 2012 Press Release

The Second Space Development Five-Year Plan starting in 2017, will see more advanced space developments. In April 8, 2012, the general manager of Sohae SLC declared that North Korea "will launch a geostationary satellite in the near future", and that North Korea "will launch manned spacecrafts". To this end, Sohae was also designed to support very large 400t-class rockets.

http://www.tongilnews.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=101028

http://ipic.su/7yrhrT.jpg
http://www.uriminzokkiri.com/image/first/2016-02-07t.jpg
February 2016 illustration of a Korean manned spacecraft showing for the first time a Chinese Shenzhou-style double pairs of solar panels

Possibly second occurrence of an official depiction of the North Korean 3-modules manned orbital spacecraft (first revealed in February 2016), on the occasion of the 21st Annual Kimjongilia Festival, held at the Kimilsungia-Kimjongilia Exhibition House in Pyongyang, on February 14-21, 2017.

Previous Annual Kimjongilia Festivals have been notorious for the exhibition of scale models ranging from the Kwangmyongsong-2, Unha-3, Unha-9, Hwasong-13 and Pukguksong-1, with most of them being effectively launched a few years later.

This new spacecraft shows obvious similarities with the Chinese Project 921 Shenzhou spacecraft with a pair of solar power panels on both the service module and the orbital module.

http://ipic.su/7ytepD.jpg ; https://c1.staticflickr.com/3/2005/32772293282_6fb50aac03_b.jpg ; https://www.flickr.com/photos/arirangmeari/32772293282/
Depiction of a North Korean 3-modules manned orbital spacecraft at the 2017 Kimjongilia Festival

First animated depiction in a March 9, 2017 video of a manned orbital 3-modules spacecraft, with one pair of solar panels on the service module, similar to the Chinese Project 863 manned orbital spacecraft.
Very brief, fuzzy and stealthy four seconds only sequence.

Mar 9, 2017 Video

Video published Mar 9, 2017 showing manned spacecraft and 8 more unknown satellite models
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I-40y8aIPTU
Video published on Mar 9, 2017 showing manned spacecraft and 8 more unknown satellite models.
At T=15s to T=19s: manned orbital 3-modules spacecraft, with one pair of solar panels on the service module, similar to the Chinese Project 863 manned orbital spacecraft.

Iranian Safir-class manned space launchers family

A man-rated Safir-1D could be a further development of the Safir-1 class, by increasing its reliability through the addition of redundancy of various critical sub-systems.

A Safir-2D could be based on the Safir-2A first stage core, powered by four 37 tons thrust liquid fuel engines and 4 vernier engines.
An addition of a total of four 37 tons thrust strap-on boosters would double its lift-off thrust.
Each strap-on booster might be powered by a single liquid fuel Shahab-3/Rodong uprated engine of 37-tons thrust.
This launcher could be adapted to support a manned orbital E1 mission, as the Safir-2D, similar to the Chinese Shuguang-1 and CZ-2A, with only a few orbits and a single astronaut.

A Safir-3D could be based on the Safir-3A first stage core, powered by four 80 tons thrust liquid fuel engines and 4 vernier engines.
An addition of a total of four 80 tons thrust strap-on boosters would double its lift-off thrust.
The second stage could be powered by a single modified 80 tons thrust engine and four vernier engines.
The Safir-3D could easily launch the two seaters E2 spacecraft made of two modules, the propulsion module of 2.5 tons and the Reentry module of 2.5 tons, as well as a speculative three seaters E3 spacecraft, augmented with another orbital module, similar to the Shenzhou spacecraft.

http://ipic.su/7ytitA.jpg
Safir-class manned LV family evolution: Safir-1D with sub-orbital E1 spacecraft, speculative manned Safir-2D with orbital E1 spacecraft, speculative manned Safir-3D with orbital E2/E3 spacecrafts.

Iranian EVA, rendezvous and docking

EVA, rendezvous and docking would be prerequisites needed before any spacelab and further space station programs could be unlocked.
Hints in this direction are illustrated by February 2017 depictions of a tethered astronaut performing EVA, from a 3 sections spacecraft, similar to the Project 863 manned orbital spacecraft or Shenzhou spacecraft.

http://ipic.su/7yt6Bu.jpg
http://aero2017.kntu.ac.ir/files_site/pooster_file/r_2_161029065515.jpg
http://aero2017.kntu.ac.ir/en/poster.php
Illustration of an Iranian astronaut performing EVA and E3(?) manned orbital spacecraft, in a February 2017 K.N. Toosi University of Technology poster.

https://archive.ph/GfVP4/98d61fc38afdd3091e5f80b93ac35f39f6b61255.jpg ; https://archive.ph/GfVP4/4196b2270744dcf39a349b74bbd04fba1557bb04/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20191101011147/https://snn.ir/original/1395/08/06/IMG15232313.jpg ; snn.ir/002KLt ; http://snn.ir/detail/News/555501/75 ; https://snn.ir/fa/news/554893/%D9%87%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87-%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B9-%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86
▲ Iranian visitors taking selfies as moked astronaut performing EVA, Seventh exhibition of air and space industry, 30 October 2016.
Seventh Iranian Air and Space Industry Exhibition. ۰۶ آبان ۱۳۹۵ - ۱۵:۲۹

Soheil_Esy · Apr 30, 2021

Part 90

Iranian space station Part 1

Introduction

As one might have figured out, developing its own indigenous manned space program can not be justified if it stops at just sending a few astronauts into LEO.

That would be a stunt for minor NGO players like the private venture's Copenhagen Suborbitals.

But as an official milestone that is intended to trumpet to the world one's entry into the most elite club of superpowers, any indigenous manned space program has to follow these following steps:

Phase I

1. An unmanned suborbital flight.
2. A single astronaut suborbital flight.

Phase II

3. An unmanned orbital flight with recoverable capsule.
4. A single astronaut orbital flight.
5. A single astronaut orbital flight with spacewalk.

Phase III

6. A multi astronauts orbital short-term flight.
7. A multi astronauts orbital short-term flight, with female astronaut.
8. A multi astronauts orbital short-term flight, with spacewalk.

Phase IV

9. A multi astronauts orbital flight with rendez-vous.
10. A multi astronauts orbital flight with rendez-vous and docking to target spacecraft.

Phase V

11. Rendez-vous and docking of several space modules to form a small space station.
12. A multi astronauts orbital long-term flight with docking to a space station.

Iran has disclosed the phases 1 to 3, during the years 2010s.

As for the following steps 4 and 5, it is still not official.

And here we can have a good indication, if we monitor the Indian ISRO procedure. If one can see the head then one can guess the existence of the tail.

India has disclosed only lately in 2019 its 20 tons Space Station, made of two modules.

India’s space station likely to have space for three

Oct 31, 2019, 10:12 IST

BENGALURU: The Indian Space Station, which the Indian Space Research Organisation plans to put in place in five to seven years, will have space for three astronauts, sources told TOI.

The space station will be an extension of the human spaceflight programme Gaganyaan. TOI has learned that the initial designs for the space station – still in a nascent stage – suggest a 20-tonne modular abode in the low earth orbit (LEO), at an altitude of 120km to 140km. [edit: 120 to 140 km is impossible, should read 320km to 340 km]

The International Space Station (ISS), jointly managed by the US, Russia, Europe, Japan and Canada, orbits at an average altitude of 400km. Announcing the project in June this year, Isro chairman K Sivan had said: “We don’t want to be part of ISS. Our station, which will be set up in five to seven years, won’t be very big.”

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/indias-space-station-likely-to-have-space-for-three/articleshow/71828669.cms

https://archive.fo/goM7Z/fe8ee905d3127047356e91d76c052a601f2370e2.png ; https://i.imgur.com/6Boz6It.png
▲ 1. The 20 tons Indian Space Station, made of two modules.

That is later than North Korea. But NADA's plans are inofficial, only hint disclosed in 2018.

https://archive.fo/tWv4n/f14da7d8064b1671c0c0ce5317f49d8ad97d068a.jpg ; http://web.archive.org/web/20190807142929if_/https://c1.staticflickr.com/2/1755/42507168321_2890520ea0_b.jpg ; https://www.flickr.com/photos/dprktoday/42507168321/ ; https://defence.pk/pdf/attachments/...4/?temp_hash=e4a69666c2d20d594c3587b699925220 ; 전국소년과학환상문예작품 및 모형전시회-2018》 개막_3 ; Uploaded on June 2, 2018
▲ 2. National Youth Science Fiction Literature and Model Exhibition 2018: published on 2 June 2018, a depiction of a North Korean orbital manned spacecraft, powered by two pair of solar panels, linked to a cylindrical module that shows 3 portholes.

Itself a reiteration of the old Salyut-type space laboratory represented in 1989.

http://web.archive.org/web/20190807...f73cd55d704a5004ae2cadeae5f886.1565187217.jpg ; https://archive.fo/MkKk4/befb910e5bf73cd55d704a5004ae2cadeae5f886.jpg ; http://web.archive.org/web/20190807...20&fit=max&s=5fabfe40cb132853b16ac06a67966e0f ; https://archive.fo/9rxQ3/befb910e5bf73cd55d704a5004ae2cadeae5f886 ; https://charliecrane.com/portfolio/welcome-to-pyongyang ; https://defence.pk/pdf/attachments/...3/?temp_hash=c4697492aaa386b6172c2c1cf3a0ecfa
▲ 3. North Korean Space shuttle model in the Mangyongdae Schoolchildren’s Palace that was opened in 1989. Notice the space laboratory.

And as of Iranian hints, we had a first glimpse back in 2012, during the 63rd International Astronautical Congress (IAC) in Naples.

With the first ever image of an Iranian 2-modules three-seaters orbital manned spacecraft and initially due to be launched sometimes after 2019. Notice that the Iranian orbital spacecraft is fitted with a docking system.

https://archive.fo/aYll2/34e705f562551806275eb24ae78b89b5ab7cca90.jpg ; https://archive.fo/aYll2/b7602f817588daab01b716afb27237b015f609bb/scr.png ; http://soheilesy.persiangig.com/image/SATL/Capsule.jpg ; https://defence.pk/pdf/threads/irans-manned-space-capsule.225022/#post-3707971
▲ 4. Iran's three seaters orbital manned spacecraft first disclosed in 2012.

Then a second type of orbital manned spacecraft was seen displayed in 2013 docking to a co-orbital target.

http://gallery.military.ir/albums/userpics/10198/121650.jpg ; https://archive.ph/XHtU3/ed36305d4f2ce5e20884d0aa6e596213ce137914.jpg ; https://archive.ph/XHtU3/40e01a5f0779b116f5d0993ed5e4527e24189d58/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20191031...s.com/files/fa/news/1391/11/17/138117_850.jpg ; https://www.bultannews.com/fa/news/...ی-جلوگیری-از-ترور-با-ماسک-جلو-دوربین-می-فرستد
▲ 5. Iran 2013 representation of a small manned orbital spacecraft docking to a co-orbital target.

At nearly the same time, even a third design was presented. This Iranian Soyuz-type shared the general layout. While the published specifications did not mention any Orbital Module that should comprises the docking system, computer CGI images clearly revealed the "headlight" Soyuz/Shenzhou-type shape of the Reentry module.

Researchers have success in the design of manned orbital spacecraft

2013/8/27

Design life of 14 days, orbital mission of up to 3 days with a crew of one to two astronauts.

Telecommunication antennas, solar arrays and radiators are installed outside the spacecraft.

Injection orbit of 250 × 200 km altitude, with operating altitude of 330 Km ± 5 km

Length of 5 m and diameter of 2.5 to 1.45 m, which is about four cubic meters volume
The mass of the propulsion module is 2.5 tons
The Reentry module has a mass of 2.5 tons.

Solar Electric system power: 1.00 average kW.
Batteries power: 0.2 kW

http://web.archive.org/web/20210611232613/https://www.isna.ir/news/92060502937/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%81%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD%DB%8C-%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1
https://archive.ph/tqPWQ

http://media.isna.ir/content/sm-final2.jpg/4 ; http://isna.ir/fa/news/92060502937/موفقیت-محققان-ایرانی-در-طراحی-فضاپیمای-سرنشین
▲ 6. Iranian Soyuz-type manned orbital spacecraft CGI from 2013: propulsion module

http://media.isna.ir/content/25-375.jpg/4 ; http://isna.ir/fa/news/92060502937/موفقیت-محققان-ایرانی-در-طراحی-فضاپیمای-سرنشین
▲ 7. Iranian Soyuz-type manned orbital spacecraft CGI from 2013: propulsion module and reentry module

Here a CGI by unknown sources showing the same spacecraft from a different angle, and emphasizing on the reentry module.

https://archive.ph/pd8XY/48ca633caca541cf982d3c109f4e0a25d77639dc.jpg ; https://archive.ph/pd8XY/a9d0e0cb3f5f38696926b6aea1037ee67fa93179/scr.png ; http://media.jamejamonline.ir/Media/Image/1392/01/21/635011844293450022.jpg ; http://jamejamonline.ir/online/1001418685139564907/دوستی-در‌-آرزوی-پرواز-به-فضا ; http://www.aerospacetalk.ir/vb/showthread.php?t=51579 ; http://web.archive.org/web/20140122232943/https://jamejamonline.ir/Media/Image/1392/01/21/635011844293450022.jpg ; http://web.archive.org/web/20210419045842/https://jamejamonline.ir/fa/news/553013/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1%E2%80%8C-%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%88%DB%8C-%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7 ; https://archive.ph/nrx0W
▲ 8. Unofficial CGI of Iranian manned orbital spacecraft with reconstructed Shenzhou-type return module.

As a further proof of this joint Iranian-Korean project, the same spacecraft was displayed in North Korea on 9th March 2017 during the week of the 2017 Kimjongilia Festival.

The manned orbital 3-modules spacecraft, was seen with one pair of solar panels on the service module, similar to the Chinese Project 863 manned orbital spacecraft (Shenzhou).

https://archive.ph/FiQ6r/8ac921eee8a57f2cdcb1af2df903bfde3a9b0a5d.jpg ; https://archive.ph/FiQ6r/0457016407ccafd92058bc13169f28bf7eb7f458/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20191119234849/https://i.imgur.com/l19ui1l.jpg ; http://ipic.su/7ytepD.jpg ; https://c1.staticflickr.com/3/2005/32772293282_6fb50aac03_b.jpg ; flickr.com/photos/arirangmeari/32772293282/ ; http://dprktoday.com/index.php?type=26&no=9047 ; youtube.com/watch?v=I-40y8aIPTU
▲ 9. Depiction of a North Korean 3-modules manned orbital spacecraft at the 2017 Kimjongilia Festival

At the same time, in February 2017, Iran even presented a very stylized drawing of the said 3-modules spacecraft. And associated with a spacewalker!

https://archive.ph/tX3Mr/3a3440066377c788556f0d4f7e2fecc083b38f74.jpg ; https://archive.ph/tX3Mr/d3fecaf3e4231fa2bad072cac3aaa322a666f071/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20191119235213/https://i.imgur.com/cQPPjgT.jpg ; http://ipic.su/7yt6Bu.jpg ; http://aero2017.kntu.ac.ir/files_site/pooster_file/r_2_161029065515.jpg ; http://aero2017.kntu.ac.ir/en/poster.php
▲ 10. Illustration of an Iranian astronaut performing EVA and a 3-modules manned orbital spacecraft, in a February 2017 K.N. Toosi University of Technology poster.

Spacewalks already popularised the previous year during the Seventh exhibition of air and space industry, held around 30 October 2016.

https://archive.is/p7Ug7/24d76dc6b5e6f453dcf324a27a065c94238c34cf.jpg ; https://archive.is/p7Ug7/f0c8a587fbae4c5ea983ce83e319167419178059/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20191119233841/https://i.imgur.com/EXIHAW9.jpg ; https://snn.ir/Original/1395/08/06/IMG15232313.jpg ; http://snn.ir/detail/News/555501/75
▲ 11. Iranian visitors taking selfies as moked astronaut performing EVA, Seventh exhibition of air and space industry, 30 October 2016.

Finally, seven years after its first appearance, the first 2-modules three-seaters orbital manned spacecraft fitted with a docking system, was again seen on the occasion of the 2019 world’s Space Week, during a news conference of Iran’s Space Research Center and Iran’s Space Agency, shortly referred to as ISA.

According to practice, this only hints at some great progress made in the development of the E1 single seater suborbital manned spacecraft.

https://archive.is/Hs5Yg/f25c9aae8eb0e242ef1f6a8096f45babf4c12c98.png ; https://archive.is/Hs5Yg/ace0d5096b3c53ca8ffbb2443c90f148019ceb03/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20191008...rates-latest-achievements-Iran-space-industry ; http://archive.fo/2C3gu
▲ 12. Iran's three seaters orbital manned spacecraft as represented in a 2019 world’s Space Week poster.

Soheil_Esy · Apr 30, 2021

Part 91

Iranian space station Part 2

Iran's space capability

Could Iran skip the development of its own space laboratory/space station? Even though a courtesy visit to the Chinese Space Station could be envisaged sometimes during the 5 steps of the Iranian long term space development plan, a continuous human presence in space can only be achieved by building its own Iranian space station.

The following text from a non-Iranian source, explains once again why Iran can neither count on Russia nor the U.S. in this endeavour, but only trust North Korea and China.

Iran Looks To Get In On Middle East Human Spaceflight Boom With Russia

John Sheldon October 23, 2019

The head of the Iran Space Agency (ISA), Morteza Barari, has said that Iran is looking to open discussions with Russia about the possibility of sending an Iranian astronaut to the International Space Station (ISS), according to Iranian press reports.

Barari’s announcement echoes a similar statement made in early October 2019 by Iran’s Minister of Information and Communications Technology, Mohammad-Javad Azari Jahromi, who has also openly called for talks with Russia about training and sending an Iranian to the ISS.

“In order to send an astronaut explorer [to the ISS], we should launch negotiations with Russia. There are many explorers from different countries at the ISS. We are also primed at studying the possibility to send an astronaut to the space station in cooperation with other nations, for example Russia,” Barari said in an interview with Iran’s Mehr News Agency.

The announcement by Iranian officials follows a flurry of human spaceflight activity and talks with Russia in the Middle East. In late September 2019 the United Arab Emirates sent its first astronaut, Hazza Al Mansoori, to the ISS with Russian assistance. Russia is also known to have offered similar astronaut training and launch services to Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey.

On his state visits to Saudi Arabia and the UAE in mid-October 2019, Russian President Vladimir Putin reiterated Russia’s pledge to assist those countries in their space ambitions.

Often left unmentioned in much of the regional coverage of Russia’s offers to send Arab astronauts to the ISS is the fact that Moscow expects countries to pay for their astronaut’s training, launch, and other expenses. The cost of sending an individual for rigorous astronaut training, launch, stay on the ISS, and return to Earth can run into tens of millions of dollars.

For countries like Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE this kind of expenditure can be afforded and justified to their respective publics.

Egypt has also publicly expressed an interest to send one of its citizens to the ISS with Russian help, but questions as to whether Cairo can afford this kind of mission or whether Russia is willing to do so for free remains unknown.

For Iranian ambitions to send an astronaut to the ISS, the issue is not just one of affordability given the parlous state of Iran’s economy due to chronic mismanagement and the international sanctions regime. Rather, the very sanctions themselves would likely prevent Russia from allowing Iran to send one of its citizens to the ISS. Even though an Iranian astronaut would stay on board the Russian ISS module (effectively Russian sovereign territory), they would have to interact with other fellow astronauts from countries that are sanctioning Iran and, in the course of their ISS duties, go to the ISS modules owned and operated by the United States, European Space Agency, and Japan.

Even if Russia wanted to send an Iranian astronaut to the ISS, it is more than likely that other ISS international partners would strongly oppose such a mission.

Iran Looks To Get In On Middle East Human Spaceflight Boom With Russia - SpaceWatch.Global

The head of the Iran Space Agency (ISA), Morteza Barari, has said that Iran is looking to open discu

web.archive.org

Iran Looks To Get In On Middle East Human Spaceflight Boom With Russi…

archived 30 Oct 2019 23:57:10 UTC

archive.ph

The Indian two-modules 20 tons space station might not be the closest analogy though. As Iran would have in the future a much more powerful launcher than India's GSLV, with the Safir-5 able to place 20 tons into LEO!

Iran's Communication Satellite Developing Plan 2026 of the Iranian Space Research Center (I.S.R.C.) has revealed its future space launcher's payload capabilities:

• Nahid-1, 50 Kg, LEO, Safir-1 SLV
• Nahid-2, < 100 Kg, LEO, Safir-2 SLV
• IRANSAT-1, 1 ton, GEO, Safir-3D SLV
• IRANSAT-2, 3 tons, GEO, Safir-4B SLV

http://web.archive.org/web/20190801104910if_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DVw4DqgXUAEOXQg.jpg ; https://archive.fo/TVRNZ/e148f10050430ae9d3e72e3606acc85cb88610a6.jpg ; https://defence.pk/pdf/proxy.php?image=https%3A%2F%2Fpbs.twimg.com%2Fmedia%2FDVw4DqgXUAEOXQg.jpg%3Alarge&hash=6c42523f809e934dbe89f6286338f0c9
▲ 13. Iran's roadmap for communication satellites. From official presentation of the Iranian Space Research Center.

The existence of an even more powerful heavy space launcher, able to place 20 tons into LEO, has also been revealed, the Safir-5.

https://archive.fo/KNGwF/14b4aebdf050cdf44c7e1ebb782fe9a31a802dd7.jpg ; https://archive.is/KNGwF/26d89a6604195bbad45ccd54935ae2158361e77a/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20200121192814/https://i.imgur.com/2e4tiR7.jpg ; https://archive.fo/8MUj0/5746e1eeabd68c89d76db3e1acc6dd6bb97af820.jpg ; http://web.archive.org/web/20190324234320if_/https://i.imgur.com/YJeN7HI.jpg
▲ 14. 银河家族系列运载火箭(部分成员)。 2020年 Artistic representation of the North Korean Unha launchers family, 2020. Outdated as of Mid-February 2020.

lulldapull" pid='3845' dateline='1572493567' said:
Thanks for this detailed response. However, if Iran doesn't do all these phases itself, no point progressing at all. I do however agree that the DPRK and Iran should collaborate, just to shorten the time required for the final desired objectives. Iran must conquer space. It has tremendous prestige value! And that cannot be understated.

Iran has probably already completed most of the research works. And of course with all the spendings. And this is the greatest trick!

https://archive.is/CTcuX/52d9f526029d816d8891c10a270b000c5dc572be.jpg ; https://archive.is/CTcuX/28ed9cf7bf495d8e2bc275bfcdc5222ed4828385/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20191031205244/https://i.imgur.com/Y0IPUJD.jpg ; https://vignette.wikia.nocookie.net...st/scale-to-width-down/1000?cb=20181118141620 ; https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Cyrus_(Civ6)?file=Cyrus_Loading_Screen_(Civ6_R&F).png ; https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Cyrus_(Civ6)
▲ 15. Cyrus II and his modern day Avatar.

"Agar fray šāyad, khāhim tipadasti man abās bāved."
If there's deception afoot, I prefer it when I am the one providing the intrigue.

And indeed back in 2015 it was already 40% done! By 2019, the first dummy astronaut and the E1 suborbital capsule is only awaiting a political greenlight to be launched. Both the JCPOA TV series and Kim-Trump summits soap opera have been the cause of all these delays. But the hardware is ready, and the training. Though a state secret!

Russia to train Iranian cosmonauts

May 07, 2014

Russia and Iran have reportedly signed a secret deal on wide cooperation in space exploration, ranging from training Iranian cosmonauts in Russia to possible production of Earth observation and telecommunication satellites for Iran.

A protocol on cooperation was signed on April 10 in Tehran

https://rt.com/news/157496-russia-iran-space-satellite/

Iran announces sending a man into space next year

94/07/22 -- 14 October 2015

this project has made a 40% progress, and will be able to send a man into space by next year.

http://www.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=13940722001114

aryobarzan pid='3853' dateline='1572523809' said:
Here is my thoughts on Iran Space activities...

1- make space agency independant and reporting to Supreme leader office (this will cut off the hands of incompetent presidents such as Rohani from this important long term activity).
2- Open up the Private funding channels for the agency so that individual Iranians can contribute to this national project.(remember Iranians are wealthy people who do not pay much taxes to their government so this will enable extra funding needed for the kind of project that some short sighted Iranians may consider not necessary ).
3- I vote to make Ahamdi Nejad as the first head of this "new" space org...why...because the man demonstrated his resolve in the space and because he deserves all the credits for any progress Iran made in space during his 8 year tems.

Things are going smoothly, as the only threat is terrorism (targeting scientists in mainland Iran, sabotage of facilities). By declaring the space program dead was the smartest way. Iranian scientists can now work safely i.e. in the North. Of course no U.S. sanctions can target a dead program. Meanwhile in the last couple of years, the launch rate of North Korea has suddenly and inexplicably skyrocketed to the level of the cold war's superpowers.?

Iranian international cooperation

12 Oct 2015

Head of China's space station program: Foreign nations welcome to add modules, visit w/ crewed vehicles

https://twitter.com/i/web/status/653594130698907648

Iranian long period stay in space

India plans to have its own separate space station in the future to allow extended period of stay in space. India will not join the International Space Station (ISS).

Notice that the Iranian orbital spacecraft is fitted with a docking system.

An indigenous space lab would require years to develop.

The U.S. will certainly bar Iran from accessing to the ISS like it did with China.

This means that in the short term, Iran can only dock with the Chinese Space Station.

China prepares for space station construction

October 17, 2019

China is preparing for the upcoming high-density space missions to construct China's space station, and the Long March-5B carrier rocket, set to launch capsules for the space station, is expected to make its maiden flight in 2020.

China aims to complete the construction of the space station around 2022. Weighing 66 tonnes, the Tiangong space station will be T-shaped with the Tianhe core module at the center and the Wentian and Mengtian experiment capsules on each side.

The station, which will orbit 340 to 450 km above the Earth's surface, could be enlarged to 180 tonnes if required and accommodate three to six astronauts. It is designed to last at least 10 years and could be prolonged through in-orbit maintenance, according to Zhou Jianping.

After the construction of the station is completed, China welcomes overseas astronauts to work together with domestic astronauts aboard China's space station. International spacecraft can also be docked with China's space station if they use a Chinese docking mechanism, Zhou said.

China prepares for space station construction - People's Daily Online

BEIJING, Oct. 17 -- China is preparing for the upcoming high-density space missions to construct C

en.people.cn

?

Soheil_Esy · Apr 30, 2021

Part 92

Iranian space station Part 3

Future Iranian Space Station (ISS) as depicted in 2019 TV show

The video "Iran Space Agency, The future is closer than you think آينده از ديد سازمان فضايي ايران" uploaded on youtube back on 16th March 2019 reveals the scope of Iran's space ambition.

It is made of about 9-10 modules, including a resupply cargo ship, and a not visible manned spacecraft.

6 pairs of solar panel arrays are attached on three different modules. One robotic arm is controlled by an astronaut operator during the docking procedure.

The core module is similar to the Soviet-Chinese one. The size is therefore more than the Salyut-class Station as depicted by North Korea, an closer to the 120 tons Mir-class Station.

The video follows the launch of an automated cargo spacecraft to resupply the Iranian Space Station (ISS) by a future two stages reusable heavy launcher (estimated ~19'000 kg LEO), and its docking.

A total crew of three astronauts, possibly four can be seen, including one female spacewalker.

Iran Space Agency, The future is closer than you think آينده از ديد سازمان فضايي ايران
March 17, 2019 (Persian calendar 1397/12/26)
1,142 views•Mar 16, 2019
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0uLoQT4d0Rg

Highlight

https://archive.vn/Ckwhr/193df21da84e3050c6f74533cd39f2e9dd333df4.png ; https://archive.vn/Ckwhr/4174c198369522bdb3f04c31fb37d5ff4570e1c6/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20210102190914/https://i.imgur.com/fqUe9aM.png
▲ 1. Seemingly 9 engines in the first stage.

https://archive.vn/TjPwT/64026af468c2f9c878f4d3afebe4ed30684d1a40.png ; https://archive.vn/TjPwT/c49f05a3a7d8d2d0db8b41e5362b0cc4984606f2/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20210102190940/https://i.imgur.com/wTDa4nH.png
▲ 2. Second stage with smaller diameter.

https://archive.vn/uRDVR/8ed6e59f2045e225246600edc7e78748770fdd61.png ; https://archive.vn/uRDVR/0676cd335a9eb113e50a124ab76382a1e3642837/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20210102191019/https://i.imgur.com/yNY7FJL.png
▲ 3. Liftoff.

https://archive.vn/dzBB3/c06d064cda4d8340cc99262a14c1e72dc80ea264.png ; https://archive.vn/dzBB3/2ef871cd21d16438cdb8c3fdff0acfc8fbb89d08/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20210102191046/https://i.imgur.com/iktzkji.png
▲ 4. Liftoff.

https://archive.vn/1NBp4/bf0a8b5fef4f8be0d0bdf2380187aa2f404b51ed.png ; https://archive.vn/1NBp4/f451b6722284682a1ad31f49129553a5af246404/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20210102191126/https://i.imgur.com/iDKLeYT.png
▲ 5. Stage separation.

https://archive.vn/oJ9Fk/4ff111fb821c1101d366336b50e26cec9fed6576.png ; https://archive.vn/oJ9Fk/f3afd7e2eaded2883ac61b8a6e27a0f707bae441/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20210102191156/https://i.imgur.com/HZRMuk7.png
▲ 6. Stage separation and 4 grid fins deployment.

https://archive.vn/Fafqi/ccf0917b63bf8dea9fe5ab4c79c58d9b31f67b01.png ; https://archive.vn/Fafqi/28f972ca8c9119509c43cee7357daa655809a16f/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20201231221450/https://i.imgur.com/klx0Jib.png
▲ 7. Future Iranian Space Station as depicted in 2019 TV show.

https://archive.vn/zKsrS/16c56331bc2f126ba8186510d44952afcd221044.png ; https://archive.vn/zKsrS/36d4da3b03064368737370715e6a54c17ff4b937/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20210102191334/https://i.imgur.com/Q3HUDgA.png
▲ 8. Cargo vessel docking to the Iranian Space Station (ISS).

https://archive.vn/NvxvQ/8f91f2b2975a75a5a2e80fd5c3d97ddd91c5c074.png ; https://archive.vn/NvxvQ/7fa0d2e8008741c6d8bc0492e25a0de465d708a5/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20201231221628/https://i.imgur.com/zsrhK6D.png
▲ 9. Future Iranian Space Station as depicted in 2019 TV show.

https://archive.vn/nzt18/85ac29b533e87cce44c6b8d787791d5176d6d438.png ; https://archive.vn/nzt18/456b175fba1856ffe09814b83a2ea375e5f61da9/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20201231221713/https://i.imgur.com/mFumFjV.png
▲ 10. Future Iranian Space Station as depicted in 2019 TV show.

https://archive.vn/tGYiF/021f321bb892ab2dfda78a00c1a28a32d73e44bd.png ; https://archive.vn/tGYiF/13fb009dafc9123eaf63c76767f55c683159abad/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20201231221330/https://i.imgur.com/rm51vka.png
▲ 11. Future Iranian Space Station as depicted in 2019 TV show.

https://archive.vn/oaWaQ/494b451efcf80f7c939d283f7693579e7e02b3c5.png ; https://archive.vn/oaWaQ/50a367c85429cf2b01e8092d2f7cc451891cfc3f/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20201231221417/https://i.imgur.com/ChsARYu.png
▲ 12. Future Iranian Space Station as depicted in 2019 TV show.

https://archive.vn/JkTs4/fb0536ec78c3c20117b3ebe264103b6e162084a9.png ; https://archive.vn/JkTs4/9b577faf158dc93d97527ce583d8d0c5e0f29ea0/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20201231221540/https://i.imgur.com/wqkNH90.png
▲ 13. Future Iranian Space Station as depicted in 2019 TV show.

?

Soheil_Esy · Apr 30, 2021

Part 93

Iranian astronauts

Breaking the Human Spaceflight Bottleneck

Due to the severe space environment beyond the thermosphere LEO, mainly radiations from the solar activity, the existence of several radiation belts in the Earth's magnetosphere, and the weightlessness, the old phantasm of human presence on the Moon and farther is thus facing a serious technological bottleneck. The new Space Age colonization era could eventually be unlocked by the Iranian manned space development, with the recruitment of astronauts from populations already used to dealing with more exposure to radiation than most of the rest of the spacefaring powers.

February 28, 2002

Cosmic radiation presents the most serious challenge for space exploration.

The city of Ramsar Iran hosts some of the highest natural radiation levels on Earth.

The high background radiation in the "hot" areas of Ramsar is primarily due to the presence of very high amounts of Ra-226 and its decay products, which were brought to the earth’s surface by hot springs. Groundwater is heated by subsurface geologic activity and passes through relatively young and uraniferous igneous rock. Radium is dissolved from the rocks by hot ground water. Uranium is not dissolved because the groundwater is anoxic and uranium is insoluble in anoxic waters. A secondary cause of high local radiation levels is travertine deposits with a high thorium concentration.

There are at least 9 known hot springs with various concentrations of radioactivity around Ramsar. Residents and visitors use these springs as health spas. Residents of these “hot” areas have also used the residue of the hot springs as building materials to construct houses. The indoor and outdoor gamma radiation absorbed dose rates in some parts of Ramsar range from 50 to 900 uGy hr^-1, although other areas in the city have absorbed dose rates that are much lower. The annual dose to monitored individuals ranges up to 132 mGy, and Iranian researchers have calculated maximum credible annual radiation exposures of up to 260 mGy. The recommended dose limit for workers in Iran is 20 mSv yr^-1.

Curiously, inhabitants of this region seem to have no greater incidence of cancer than those in neighboring areas of normal background radiation levels.

In fact, research shows that a gene responsible for the production of white blood cells and so-called "natural killer cells" that attack tumors was more strongly expressed among the population.

http://ecolo.org/documents/documents_in_english/ramsar-natural-radioactivity/hbra.jpg
High Background Radiation Areas Around the World.
Numbers given are in mSv/year.
Figure adapted from Health Research Foundation, Kyoto, Japan, with permission.
http://ecolo.org/documents/documents_in_english/ramsar-natural-radioactivity/ramsar.html

http://www.wmsym.org/archives/2002/proceedings/10/434.pdf

Glossary

Fazanavard فضانورد:

FazaNavard is composed of Faza + Navard , means Space + Walker
http://defence.pk/threads/iranian-space-program.164510/page-7

Faza-Navard is not genuinely Persian
http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=1367661&page=10

Kayhannavard کیهان نورد :

"Keyhan" mean Universe; about Navard I can't give a definite translation it's a world we add at the end of a noun to describe a person who professionally travel or work in the environment of the name .
http://defence.pk/threads/iran-aims-to-place-satellites-in-geostationary-orbits.163524/page-2

Soheil_Esy · Apr 30, 2021

Part 94

Iranian first astronaut indigenous path Part 1

Report: Iran to send first astronaut to space in ten years

2008-08-20 23:17:43

TEHRAN, Aug. 20 (Xinhua) -- Iranian Space Organization chief Reza Taghipour Wednesday said Iran will send its first astronaut to space within the following decade, the semi-official Fars news agency reported.

The exact date for the travel of the first Iranian spaceman will be set within one year, Taghipour said.

Iran must win the first place in space technology in the region by the Iranian year of 1400 (the equivalent Christian year of 2021) and related studies have been carried out in the field, he said.

http://web.archive.org/web/20080823140245/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-08/20/content_9559952.htm

Dispatching Iranian astronaut to below 200 km orbit

June 2011

Announcing the beginning of spacesuit design studies and dispatching man to the Moon, President of Iranian Space Agency declared dispatching of Iranian astronauts to below 200 km orbit within the first five years of the project of dispatching man into space and finding location of Iranian Space Town for construction.

http://isa.ir/components1.php?rQV==wHQyAkOklUZnFWdn5WYMJXZ0VWbhJXYw9lZ8B0N3QDQ6QWStVGdp9lZ8BUM4ATMApDZJ52bpR3Yh9lZ

Iran to train first astronaut selection for space exploration program

December 11, 2011

The head of Iran Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Dr Muhammad Ibrahimi said that Iran would start the training of the nation first astronaut selection on Iranian soil with the help of Russia and China, as well as other interested countries.

The astronauts would be selected from among fighter pilots.

Dr Ibrahimi told IRNA reporter in an interview that Iran had already held preliminary negotiations with these two countries, and that the manned space program would require several steps, including the construction of a new Iranian Astronaut Training Center. Upon completion of the facilities, the selection of astronaut would start. Both Russia and China have already agreed to help Iran. According to the agreement, special training in space environment adaptation would be provided.
http://www.irna.ir/News/80015046

Iran, Russia to strengthen cooperation on space science

Feb 13, 2013

Russia to train Iranian scientists, space technicians
Russia to participate with Iran on the ground stations for receiving information from the satellites
Russian assistance in designing and manufacturing satellites and cooperation in building space towns

http://www.irna.ir/en/News/80542082/Politic/Iran,_Russia_to_strengthen_cooperation_on_space_science

Iranian dummy astronaut

2013/4/21

upcoming capsule launch will carry sensor-equipped simulated human being or dummy

Urwumpe;501842 said:
If they could find some tiny astronauts, they could be done in a day.

The Soviet Union started by sending dogs into space and the US monkeys before risking a human astronaut. Only China sent a taikobot before the first human crew. Iran should do the same with a Surena class humanoid robot.

Animals in space
http://www.planet4589.org/space/misc/bio.pdf

Surena3
http://media.mehrnews.com/d/2015/11/16/4/1905694.jpg
http://www.mehrnews.com/photo/2968502/رونمایی-ربات-انسان-نمای-سورنا-3

Surena3
http://media.mehrnews.com/d/2015/11/16/3/1905688.jpg
http://en.mehrnews.com/news/112000/Iranian-humanoid-Surena-III-unveiled

Otherwise the alternative seems crueler.

*

Surena-3 Iranian Humanoid Robot
http://media.mehrnews.com/d/2015/11/16/4/1905680.jpg
http://www.mehrnews.com/photo/2968502/رونمایی-ربات-انسان-نمای-سورنا-3

Chinese "Taikobot" launched on 1 April 2002, aboard Shenzhou-3
http://www.chinanews.com/tp/hd2011/2011/10-31/U86P4T426D72027F16470DT20111031145554.jpg
http://www.chinanews.com/tp/hd2011/2011/10-31/72027.shtml#nextpage

http://en.mehrnews.com/detail/News/102841

Iran spacesuit under development

22 January 2013

Protection against space radiations in the upper layers of the atmosphere are taken seriously for the future spacewalks.

This development is very costly in raw material, requiring up to one kilogram of gold, said Dr. Brahimi .

http://www.asriran.com/fa/news/253419/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3-%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D8%AA%D8%A7-8-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A2%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87-%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C-%D9%87%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%86-1-%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%88-%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7

Iran Develops Laboratory Space Suit for Sub-Orbital Missions

Apr 19, 2014

*

*

Front view
http://www.nasimonline.ir/Content/Detail/789944/238

Side view
http://www.military.ir/forums/topic...فضایی-در-کشور-ما-چگونه-خو/page-12#entry438603

*

http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13930130000934

Russia to train Iranian cosmonauts

May 07, 2014

Russia and Iran have reportedly signed a secret deal on wide cooperation in space exploration, ranging from training Iranian cosmonauts in Russia to possible production of Earth observation and telecommunication satellites for Iran.

A protocol on cooperation was signed on April 10 in Tehran

http://rt.com/news/157496-russia-iran-space-satellite/

Russia in talks to train first Iranian cosmonaut

January 20, 2016

Russia’s Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) continues talks with Iran on the possibility of preparing an Iranian cosmonaut for a flight and creating an Earth remote sensing satellite for Iran, Roscosmos chief Igor Komarov said on Wednesday.

http://tass.ru/en/science/850765

Recruitement of astronauts

5/24/2014

Iran’s Space Agency to recruit astronaut from Army Air Force expert pilot-physicians

Iran may cooperate with foreign space stations program

http://en.mehrnews.com/detail/News/102914

I am ready to be the first Iranian in space: Ahmadinejad

TEHRAN, Feb. 4, 2013 (MNA) – Iran's president said on the sidelines of a visit to the exhibition of space achievements and said; “sending living things to space is the result of Iranian efforts and dedication of thousands of Iranian professional scientists.”

Ahmadinejad remembered martyr Tehrani Moghadam and said; “I am ready to be the first human to be sent to space by Iranian scientists,”

https://archive.ph/WJ7ZF/1406361b7843c426c78e9cd1c4a087e011062a7d.jpg ; https://archive.ph/WJ7ZF/d1edddfb20a0ae9189ca46a49bd2bf51a01ada2f/scr.png ; http://static.hypercomments.com/data/images2/guest/1491985747695202 ; https://archive.fo/hEfgs/25d0b9b25e3c496c2bc4b78ea23d355e0e482d55.jpg ; http://static.hypercomments.com/data/images2/guest/1491985747695202 ; https://www.mehrnews.com/en/newsdetail.aspx?NewsID=1808372
▲ 1. President Ahmadinejad ready to be the first Iranian in space!

http://web.archive.org/web/20130207160154/http://www.mehrnews.com/en/newsdetail.aspx?NewsID=1808372
https://archive.ph/5TVk5

Mockup spacesuit

17/2/2015

Possible hint at Sokol spacesuit lineage (blue stripes on the shoulder)

Iranian mockup

Russian Sokol

Milestone: Iran ready for future splashdown landing with its first recovery ship

1393/02/06

The Kavoshgar E Khalij Fars is Iran's National Institute of Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences first commissioned research vessel. It will conduct research in physics, chemistry, biology, geology, geophysics, meteorology and sea mapping. It can be used for sea sampling and field measurement in the Persian Gulf. It is 50 meters long, 10 meters wide. May remain at sea for 45 days, and travel three thousand nautical miles. Accommodation capacity for 27 people, 11 crew members and 16 researchers. Powered by 2,000 kW engine. Fitted with 4 research laboratories.

http://www.mehrnews.com/news/2462847/به-آب-اندازی-کشتی-تحقیقاتی-در-انتظار-وزرا-دهه-فجر-پنجمین-زمان

http://www.irna.ir/fa/Photo/2867180/

2015-04-02

Comparison with China's recovery ship for next generation space capsule
http://csschps.cssc.net.cn/upload_img/20150402081800CR-dhs.jpg

http://csschps.cssc.net.cn/component_news/news_display.php?id=487

First oceanographic ship inaugurated

2017-02-04 15:59

TEHRAN, Feb. 04 (MNA) – Defense Industries Organization (DIO), of the Ministry of Defense has inaugurated the country’s first ever oceanographic ship dubbed Persian Gulf Explorer, Saturday in Bandar Abbas.

http://media.mehrnews.com/d/2017/02/04/4/2364405.jpg?ts=1486462047399

http://en.mehrnews.com/photo/123267/First-oceanographic-ship-inaugurated

First oceanographic research vessel starts operation

Tue 14 February 2017 - 12:42

...a modern research vessel with 50 meters length, 10 meters width and 12 meters height, is capable of doing field research with full water and fuel for 45 day in the Persian Gulf, Sea of Oman and Northern Indian Ocean, having room for 27 people.

“The vessel has the capability of remaining 40 days at sea and conduct offshore patrol for three thousand miles; it has a dynamic positioning system, sampling pump water with facilities, dry lab, wet lab, dry and wet labs, warehouse, refrigerator below zero degrees (-20 degrees Celsius), refrigerator above zero degrees (4 ° C) and compressor for air tools,”

http://en.mehrnews.com/photo/123267/First-oceanographic-ship-inaugurated

February 4

... a maximum speed of 15 knots with excellent maneuverability, power, satellite communications systems, advanced CCP propulsion systems, the data transfer system and the DP system for dynamic stabilization of the ship.

https://www.facebook.com/Iran.Watch/posts/1395988187126045

http://www.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=13930203000194#sthash.4rddIDrE.dpuf

Soheil_Esy · Apr 30, 2021

Part 95

Iranian first astronaut indigenous path Part 2

Spurred on by uproar over satellites, Iran relaunches manned space program

Sep 15, 2017

TEHRAN – Iran’s on-off space program has received a boost from Washington’s irritation at a recent satellite launch by the middle eastern nation, with Tehran dusting off plans for a manned mission, perhaps with Moscow’s assistance.

“Ten skilled pilots are currently undergoing difficult and intensive training so that two of them … can be selected for the space launch,” the head of the science ministry’s aerospace research center, Fathollah Omi, told the state broadcaster last week.

He said the plan was to put humans into suborbital space “in less than eight years.”

“In preliminary talks with Russia’s main space company, we have agreed to cooperate on this important project and we are waiting for their definitive answer.”

Russia has not confirmed the talks, although deputy prime minister Dmitry Rogozin, who oversees its space program, visited Tehran two years ago to discuss potential collaboration.

The Islamic republic’s scientists are also celebrating the fact that two monkeys they fired into space in 2013 have recently given birth to their first baby.

“Aftab and Fargam were two monkeys sent separately into space and returned alive. Researchers are studying the effect of a space trip on their baby,” said Omi.

Iran’s space program has progressed in fits and starts.

It has sent a turtle, mouse and worms into space, and after the successful voyage by the monkeys, then-president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad announced he would like to be first to go up on an Iranian rocket.

But he was out of office a few months later, and the whole program appeared to have been mothballed earlier this year due to financial constraints.

“It was estimated that putting a man into Earth orbit would cost around $15 billion to $20 billion over 15 years. As a result, the budget cannot be allocated for this project,” the deputy head of Iran’s Space Organization, Mohammad Homayoun Sadr, said in May.

That decision appears to have been reversed in the wake of the international furor over Iran’s testing of a new satellite launch rocket in July.

The 500-kilometer (312-mile) range rocket — named Simorgh after a bird from Persian legend and with the words “We can do it” inscribed on the side — was launched from the newly inaugurated Imam Khomeini Space Centre in Semnan province.

The United States in particular balks at any technological advance that might also benefit Iran’s ballistic missile program, and Washington quickly threatened fresh sanctions.

Omi confirmed the plans for human spaceflights, as well as a new 1,000-km-range satellite-rocket, had followed the “great reaction from the world” to the Simorgh test.

“The Islamic Republic reacts very negatively when it feels it is held back,” said Adnan Tabatabai, an Iran analyst and CEO of Germany’s CARPO think tank.

“Iran’s nuclear program and particularly its research and development became all the more prestigious and important the more that Iran was under pressure by the West to halt it,” he said.

Iran’s four launches of domestically produced satellites since 2009 have all sparked condemnation from the West.

The new Communications Minister Mohammad Javad Azari Jahromi said Wednesday that a new satellite, named Doosti, was waiting to be launched.

“You send orbital satellite carrier rockets into space, and all of a sudden you see they have created uproar about it in the world,” said supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei in August.

“It is a task which is necessary for every country and which is completely normal and ordinary.”

The controversy appears to have re-energized the space program, which is run by the defense ministry.

“Its leaders like to literally show that the sky is the limit to Iran’s technological progress,” said Tabatabai.

“And that safeguarding revolutionary ideals and religious ideology can be reconciled with modernity.”

http://web.archive.org/web/20170915054937if_/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2017/09/15/world/iran-relaunches-space-ambitions-uproar-satellites/#.WbtqDjzLeUk
https://archive.ph/rIojH

Commentary

Obvious mistranslation in the above. An astronaut into orbit by 2025 and a suborbital flight earlier!

Iran to send human to space by 2025

News ID: 4084207 - Mon 11 September 2017 - 16:05

TEHRAN, Sep. 11 (MNA) – While announcing continued studies to send humans to space, the head of Iran’s Aerospace Research Institute (ARI) said they may try sending a robot or a live creature before the final stage of sending a human.

Regarding the project for sending a live creature to space which was halted, the head of ARI Fathollah Ommi stated “we have successfully launched a monkey to space, and now we are conducting research to send a man to space.”

“The preliminary measures to send a human to space are currently underway and the project is to be carried out in two suborbital and orbital phases” said Ommi, stressing that the project is in the study stage at the moment.

According to the head of ARI, the orbital phase of the project will be operational by 2025 and the suborbital phase will take place before that.

When asked whether they will send another live creature into space before a human, he said "it might happen." Since they intend to launch the live creature to different altitudes of space, several experiments must be conducted to test the selected trajectory for sending a human. It is required to launch the live creature at least 6 times, before they are ready to carry out this mission with a human onboard, he added.

“We might use a robot or another live creature prior to sending a human. If this mission is successful, we will launch a human to space after conducting the necessary tests.” Ommi stated.

http://web.archive.org/web/20170912205653/http://en.mehrnews.com/news/127718/Iran-to-send-human-to-space-by-2025
http://web.archive.org/web/20171128183431/http://en.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13960620001596
https://archive.ph/cdNTl
https://archive.ph/fkVY0

https://archive.ph/MY3Ws/eb4980ae9bde817bb5c6cecf54197ca0c305db1d.png ; https://archive.ph/MY3Ws/971cd8bc079f3cf6c9f376d62bb72aef3d8d1bfe/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20190718223041/https://defence.pk/pdf/attachments/vlcsnap-2018-02-10-18h20m52s552-png.453747/?temp_hash=a780e71292e56a4288a3770f04ca8e46
▲ 1. IRIBNEWS depiction of astronaut. 2019.

Iran takes 1st step for sending astronaut to space: ICT min.

4 February 2020 - 21:32

TEHRAN, Feb. 04 (MNA) – Iranian Minister of Communications and Information Technology (ICT) Mohammad Javad Azari Jahromi said that Islamic Republic of Iran took the first step for sending astronaut to space.

The plan for manufacturing five space bio capsules for carrying humans to the space kicked off.

He made the remarks late on Tue. in a ceremony of ‘Space Technologists’ Gathering” held at the venue of ICT Museum and added, “ICT has ordered manufacturing five space capsule for carrying human to space to the Aerospace Research Center of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology.”

This will be the first step for sending Iranian astronaut to the space, the capsule of which is supposed to be manufactured within three years, Jahromi highlighted.

Turning to the manufacturing explorer, he added, “manufacturing explorer is on the research stage.”

Presently, ICT has ordered the construction of five explorers for robots up to 190km circuit of the Earth as weigh as 1,800, the prototype of which will be used for preparedness of human sending to the orbit.

ICT Minister Azari Jahromi said, “this project is carried out in cooperation with the international organizations and will have a major impact in progressing Iran’s space knowledge with regards to the spatial explorations.”

MNA/ 4844821

News Code 155293

http://en.mehrnews.com/news/155293/Iran-takes-1st-step-for-sending-astronaut-to-space-ICT-min
http://archive.is/5Orhs

Decryption

• 5 space missions involving the one-seater spacecraft 'E1' of 1'800 kg, carrying astro-robot dummy: probably 4 crewless flights before the final crewed flight

• Suborbital flight of 190 km altitude

• Associated rocket in the research stage (presumably the manned-rated Safir-1D)

• First suborbital manned flight by 2023

Possible timetable:

_ • 1st mission: First suborbital crewless flight, by early-2021
_ • 2nd mission: Second suborbital crewless flight, by mid-2021
_ • 3rd mission: Third suborbital crewless flight, by early-2022
_ • 4th mission: Fourth suborbital crewless flight, by mid-2022
_ • 5th mission: First suborbital manned flight, by 11th February 2023 (Shanbeh, 22nd Bahman 1401)

• Orbital flight thereafter: presumably aboard the man rated Sarir-C (man rated version of Sarir-A plus 2 strap-on boosters) or alternately the Soroush-B (aka Safir-4B)

http://archive.ph/5q1F3/384e9473d6906c5bdc4ef3900e0d6dc4926d49e1.jpg ; https://archive.ph/5q1F3/f919bfce759c1b86edabb67685d2fa339ab0c8fa/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20200204114950/https://i.imgur.com/8GaxK4b.jpg
▲ 1. Soroush SLV speculation. As of 4th February 2020.

http://archive.ph/h8mFX/f3f88e7b886294c70027d4947ef95f915e70c8c5.png ; https://archive.ph/h8mFX/5818cd980f5931fb078ed6430febcf945e16835c/scr.png ; https://i.imgur.com/WHPkMll.png ; https://twitter.com/azarijahromi/status/1224767500656807937
▲ 2. Dream of walking on the moon! Feb 4, 2020

Iran restarted its manned space program right after Lieutenant General Qassem Soleimani was assassinated by the enemy at Baghdad International Airport on January 03.

And this came with the announcement of the production of 5 manned suborbital E1 spacecrafts.

Again, Iranian nuclear scientist Mohsen Fakhrizadeh was killed on 27th December 2020, sparking Iran's additional hastening of its space program:

Iran increases defense budget up to 256 %

Tuesday, 15 December 2020 15:41 [ Last Update: Tuesday, 15 December 2020 15:40 ]

Tehran (IP) - Iran’s Minister of Defense on Tuesday announced the 256 percent increase in the budget of the Research and Innovation Organization of Iran's Ministry of Defense.

Iran Press/ Iran news: Referring to the need to peruse the scientific and technical efforts of martyr Mohsen Fakhrizadeh, Brigadier General Amir Hatami highlighted that by assassinating this scientist, the enemies had been after disrupting the process of scientific movement and the speed of progress of the Islamic Republic in the field of new technologies.

Martyr Mohsen Fakhrizadeh the former head of the Research and Innovation Organization of Iran's Ministry of Defense who was one of Iran’s prominent nuclear scientists assassinated during the terrorist attack near the Iranian capital of Tehran.

Stating the fact that the Research and Innovation Organization of Iran's Ministry of Defense would make efforts more decisively than ever before, Iran’s Hatami added that all of the managers and the staff of the ministry of defense after the assassination of martyr Fakhrizadeh are more determined to move in the path of the honored martyr and the Government of the Islamic Republic, in a worthy action, increased the budget of the Defense Research and Innovation Organization by 256 percent.

The Minister of Defense and Armed Forces Logistics of the Islamic Republic of Iran also referred to the missile power of the country and stated: "Iran's missile issues have been ignored by the enemies, but they should know that the culture of martyrdom is the first of all these developments and a nation enriched with this culture, cannot be dominated and the enemy cannot overcome it."

http://web.archive.org/web/20201220104648/https://iranpress.com/content/31174
https://archive.vn/Kv1vG

Soheil_Esy · Apr 30, 2021

Part 96

Iranian first astronaut alternate path

The wording has changed, as Minister of Communications and Information Technology Mohammad Javad Azari Jahromi has stated on 6th October 2019, in a ceremony held on the occasion of World Space Week (October 4-10), that "Iran will send an astronaut into space in the future in cooperation with other countries".

Reference:
http://www.iran-daily.com/News/259773.html ; http://archive.is/nwaAJ
https://en.mehrnews.com/news/150842/Iran-to-send-astronaut-to-space-communications-min ; http://archive.fo/IF7SX
https://irannewsdaily.com/2019/10/iran-to-send-astronaut-to-space/ ; http://archive.fo/ezqmt

This could be interpreted as either sending an Iranian astronaut aboard China's Space Station, fast as the first module will be orbited in 2021, cheap as it would be totally free of charge, and safe.

Or with North Korea's cooperation aboard the E1 spacecraft, but both nations are still rookies in that field.

In this regard, North Korea has hinted on Monday 7th October 2019, at a possible space launch, in its race for space supremacy:

Scramble rages for military supremacy in space

France, Iran and many other countries competitively made public their aerospace projects and press on with them in a planned manner.

Experts comment that though the world’s major countries compete in the field of outer space, they have observed the treaty on outer space by and large and have not yet positioned weapons of destruction in outer space. However, the US is triggering a new arms race by extending from the earth to outer space in order to dominate it and compelling other countries to be involved in it, they assert.

Reference:
http://www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp/ ; http://archive.fo/ydKiV
http://web.archive.org/web/20191006170527/http://www.pyongyangtimes.com.kp/?bbs=31621 ; http://archive.fo/oek3Y

Soheil's prediction made recently is now confirmed. Following France's path, Iran seems to be abandoning for the time being any hope of sending a man into space by its own effort.

And instead of a 'space tourist' aboard the E1 suborbital capsule, Iran will try to send a 'scientist' to conduct real research work on the International Space Station.

This will require to pay Russia for all the costs including the training of the scientist, the return trip to the ISS and the long stay sojourn.

Just like the first French cosmonaut in space, Jean-Loup Chrétien who boarded on 24th June 1982 the Soyuz-T6 spacecraft, that docked with the Salyut-7 space station.

Iran Working on Sending Scientists to Space

Tue Dec 31, 2019 5:18

Barari said today that the ISA has commenced plans for cooperation with what he called an ‘advanced country’ to send scientist astronauts to space.

“The talks are underway, and we hope to reach an agreement with one of the countries to commence the project.”

Barari declined to name the country with which the ISA is in talks about the project before the talks have been finalized.

“With the cooperation of this country, we are aiming to send a scientist-astronaut instead of a space tourist. Our goal is to participate in international projects; that is, to have an Iranian scientist present in the Earth's orbit or a space station to take part in international research projects,” he added.

“The process of talks must be carried out fully. Once done, we will announce the schedule for the implementation of the project in the near future,” he said.

http://web.archive.org/web/20200101005158/https://en.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13981010000987
http://archive.ph/JVvXw

And indeed, the waiting list of all those who are lining up for a first manned suborbital flight is too long indeed, and requires foremost a green light to receive the go-ahead, which Iran lacks.

To wait for its turn would mean an Iranian indigenous suborbital launch only after 2025 at the earliest!

While it is certain that dummies will be seated inside the Iranian E1 spacecrafts including in low earth orbit flights, it might leave the honour to North Korea to risk the life of an astronaut in the spacecraft!

Indeed, a failure would be an unnecessary and avoidable public relations disaster. Knowing that Iran is suffering from a rather volatile domestic support, too often prone to riot, unlike North Korea's monolithic single minded unity.

Meanwhile, as the International Space Station (ISS) was a quasi exclusive club for rich OECD nations, Iran being a founding member of the China-lead Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization (APSCO), it will have the right as a full member, to access the future Chinese Space Station.

That is the only one to be international not only in name, but really open to all nations of the world!

https://archive.vn/36ACj/20d160186bf205b230dd32efa05528391c9a8c08.jpg ; https://archive.vn/36ACj/53abca34eaae66cbb26e4c297c9166ffe8e4eecb/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20201106173644/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DfgeKvKW0AEFWDA?format=jpg&name=large
▲ 1. International Space Station: a quasi exclusive club for rich OECD nations.

https://archive.is/ELZhj/7c09d79483d9aa0955b55f296b827dcfd491e45a.png ; https://archive.is/ELZhj/669f19b94972e228574c129d90603302b8724132/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20201106173537/https://i.imgur.com/wmidOzJ.png
▲ 2. Chinese Space Station: open to all nations.

Well, that was quick.

The civilian manned space program was only relaunched after the US assassination of former IRGC Quds Force Commander Lieutenant General Qassem Soleimani on 3rd January 2020.

But when political considerations decide, again, Iran seems to no longer follow the path of an indigenous manned space flight, living room only for a ride with the Chinese Shenzhou spacecraft toward the Chinese Space Station!

Indeed, should the new U.S. administration decide in February 2021 to re-join the JCPOA agreement on the Iranian nuclear program, not only Iran's manned space program but all space launches will be suspended!

TEHRAN, Nov. 18 (MNA) – Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif said that if the United States meets its obligations as such under UNSCR 2231, we will fulfill ours under the #JCPOA.

“If US then seeks to re-join the JCPOA, we're ready to negotiate terms for it to regain its "JCPOA Participant" status.”

http://web.archive.org/web/20201122143337/https://en.mehrnews.com/news/166072/If-US-meets-its-obligations-we-will-fulfill-ours-Zarif
https://archive.vn/Me2xp

This means that all related development will only continue far away in North Korea, as I predicted since 2012. But Iran will benefit from the proven design, for both the FOBS that is the real goal, and the civilian application offshoots.

P.S.:

When you vote on Friday, 18th June 2021, try to elect the fattest president. Chubbier than Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Narendra Modi. Believe it or not, it's proven and it will help!

Analysis: State Leader's Body Weight And Manned Space Race

Here in picture.

https://archive.vn/6qEsa/a1fca281c6b89d56af2c7c2249e12876db4be1e2.png ; https://archive.vn/6qEsa/d9223928a7422a33d21ecfc6a7d34806336254ce/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20201127173559/https://i.imgur.com/aIga3FC.png
▲ 1. 7th analysis through biometric filter. 2020.

From the bigger picture, it is obvious that Iran can not send a man into space before North Korea.

But as already stated, Iran will not develop anything on its own territory, because it's porous border has more holes than a Swiss cheese!?

Proof, even the top scientist like Mohsen Fakhrizadeh, the man who is described as 'father of the Iranian bomb', can't be safe!

The only way is to conduct all the development and live testing in the much safer North Korea.

Therefore, with today's latest development, the first Iranian astronaut seems closer to fly a Chinese Shenzhou spacecraft for the Chinese Space Station, while North Korea will have the honor to reach space aboard the Iranian E1 manned spacecraft!

Here the latest update on the 3 options available for Iran, by order of availability and room:

• Sending one astronaut to the Chinese Space Station, after 2021

• Sending one astronaut to the Russian Space Station, after 2030

• Sending one astronaut to the Indian Space Station, after 2035

Russia to develop own space station

November 29, 2020

MOSCOW: Russia’s rocket and space corporation Energia on Thursday (Friday in Manila) announced that it is working on the development of a new multifunctional space station. Russia’s own orbital station will consist of three to seven modules unmanned or with a crew of two to four people, said Vladimir Solovyov, first deputy general designer of Energia for flight operation and testing of rocket and space systems. At a conference of the Russian Academy of Sciences on space, Solovyov raised concern about the longevity of the International Space Station as certain components have been damaged and could not be replaced.

http://web.archive.org/web/20201129185705/https://www.manilatimes.net/2020/11/29/news/world/russia-to-develop-own-space-station/802586/
https://archive.vn/JSo4M

The answer should be obvious. Russia's service are not offered for free and room aboard this Mir-class station is limited.

Sending its first astronaut to Russia's Space Station (RSS) seems no longer a viable option for Iran.

11 January 2021 8：51

Moscow 11 January 2021 Tass

The planned Russian space station should be visited, not permanently inhabited - said Dmitry Rogozin. This will reduce the cost of its operation, and there is no need in full-time presence of cosmonauts on board if there’s no special tasks to solve.

https://web.archive.org/web/20210111091521/https://tass.ru/kosmos/10431581
https://archive.is/IprNA

https://archive.vn/B7Igk/e4a230ef3028fca79e7cb5ef066d51250c5b1fa3.jpg ; https://archive.vn/B7Igk/90ef06a79b17ad949e0c4665d8b0d5ccac72d4b8/scr.png ;
https://web.archive.org/web/20210112093228/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Ergt6juW8AAxQ_P?format=jpg&name=900x900 ; http://web.archive.org/web/20210112062505/https://twitter.com/katlinegrey/status/1348878573873065984 ; https://archive.is/CZrir
▲ 1. Russia’s own orbital station will consist of three to seven modules unmanned or with a crew of two to four people.

By waiting a decade, the future Iranian Space Station (ISS) would be no smaller than the RSS.

https://archive.vn/Fafqi/ccf0917b63bf8dea9fe5ab4c79c58d9b31f67b01.png ; https://archive.vn/Fafqi/28f972ca8c9119509c43cee7357daa655809a16f/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20201231221450/https://i.imgur.com/klx0Jib.png ; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0uLoQT4d0Rg ; Mar 16, 2019 ; Iran Space Agency, The future is closer than you think آينده از ديد سازمان فضايي ايران
▲ 2. Future Iranian Space Station as depicted in 2019 TV show. Mar 16, 2019

https://archive.vn/NvxvQ/8f91f2b2975a75a5a2e80fd5c3d97ddd91c5c074.png ; https://archive.vn/NvxvQ/7fa0d2e8008741c6d8bc0492e25a0de465d708a5/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20201231221628/https://i.imgur.com/zsrhK6D.png ; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0uLoQT4d0Rg ; Mar 16, 2019 ; Iran Space Agency, The future is closer than you think آينده از ديد سازمان فضايي ايران
▲ 3. Future Iranian Space Station as depicted in 2019 TV show. Mar 16, 2019

Therefore, the Chinese Space Station will be the only alternative for this decade.

Soheil_Esy · Apr 30, 2021

Part 97

Iran's Lunar Exploration Program (ILEP)

As already disclosed back in 2012, North Korea's Lunar Exploration Program (NKLEP) will start with an Orbiter. Landers are expected to follow. While permanent bases have been depicted in New Year's show.

Iran's Lunar Orbiter

Morteza Barari, the head of Iran's Space Agency and the Deputy Minister of Communications, in an interview with Mehr, announced the moon exploration program.

A Lunar orbiter project is to be done by the private sector and we have made initial agreements.

This project is about space exploration.

In this way, a satellite will orbit the moon.

An 18-member team from one of the country's universities has now begun the designing.

The lunar orbiter will be an important event.

The UAE has already started this project and has benefit of a lot of knowledge in this area.

Researchers in our country have also started their program.

We plan to send the first orbiter to the moon (380'000 kilometers from Earth) in the next two years.

http://web.archive.org/web/20210203110321/https://www.mehrnews.com/news/5137377/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF-%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%88%D9%85%D9%87-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87-%D8%A7%DB%8C
https://archive.vn/L95Qt

Notice the lunar orbiter will precede the GEO satellite as explained below:

https://archive.vn/OvBUF/5fdf8ee766db5db2f7218da19308a5aa37c182f1.jpg ; https://archive.vn/OvBUF/f590bba848f7c7e5a0eaaef872d70c73c5268ff0/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20191006202452/https://i.imgur.com/1hLylwc.jpg
▲ 1. Lunar gravity assist used to place North Korea's satellite into the GEO belt.

Iran's Deep Space Tracking Network

One of the prerequisite for any venture beyond the Earth Orbit is the ability to track and communicate wit space probe not only far away but also outside of the line of sight from Mission Control in Tehran.

Orbital manoeuver needed to place in a highly elliptic GTO orbit will require several engine cut off and ignition, at the earth diametrically opposite position.

Major space powers such as the Soviet Union and China have build fleets of space tracking and telemetry ships, about 4 to 6 to cover the entire orbit.

Others such as the U.S. and France, that control vast territories overseas have simply build deep space tracking stations on the ground.

Iran doesn't control much territories overseas. Neither has Iran started to build a fleet of space tracking vessel.

The only solution is to use the Deep Space Tracking Network of friendly nations. Starting with North Korea, located at 71° east from Iran.

Again compare with this North Korean ~35 meters diameter radio antenna (38.975776°N, 125.845287°E) that could easily be used to track a lunar orbiter!

For reference, the 35 meter diameter one being built in South Korea for suporting its lunar exploration program!

https://archive.vn/L6tNu/1704aabe6d42f39f4f4357620b1b46797aff9ecc.jpg ; https://archive.vn/L6tNu/938923d6f291bb707e077bc99cb146c5df12f438/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20201230200906/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Eqf88UKU0AEW8nc?format=jpg&name=large ; https://twitter.com/ISNJH/status/1344321149853790209
▲ 1. ~35 meters diameter satellite dish in DPRK 38.975776° 125.845287°

Supporting Korea's Lunar Exploration Program (KLEP), the completion of the deep space tracking ground station, which is the largest in Korea, with a single dish radio antenna of 35 meters diameter!

The deep space ground station plans to play a key role in performing space exploration missions by communicating with the Korean lunar orbiter, which will operate on the moon at a distance of about 384'400 km, and controlling its trajectory for lunar orbit insertion.

https://archive.vn/Ejxcc/f015e74c8772a8571421bf77ea5a3d75841272c3.jpg ; https://archive.vn/Ejxcc/ae1e6cc10e4cd70a57450b9f4caece19cd9d54af/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20201212065943/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Eo7sSINVQAEDEnC?format=jpg&name=large ; https://twitter.com/kari2030/status/1337265949355884550
▲ 2. Supporting Korea's Lunar Exploration Program (KLEP), the completion of the deep space tracking ground station. Dec 11, 2020

And this while Iran's largest ground satellite dish (unless proven otherwise who knows), the latest IRGC satellite ground control station located at 29°34'30.18"N, 52°22'12.28"E near Shiraz, only fields half the size, 15 meters diameter radio dish (meaning it captures four times less radio signal intensity)!

https://archive.vn/YTHIX/ef02e68138922baa0b57aef5c0e0057c3ab5efef.jpg ; https://archive.vn/YTHIX/23ecce11b92c9e0348eba6a3c82da67eea966e90/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20210105004503/https://i.imgur.com/vmBCQHU.jpg ; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AuucVPMxpM ; https://twitter.com/fab_hinz/status/1346063657436930048
▲ 3. Shiraz IRGC satellite ground control station at 29°34'30.18"N, 52°22'12.28"E, with 15 meter diameter satellite dish.

IRGC satellite ground control station
Nov 29, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AuucVPMxpM

As a full member of the Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization (APSCO), Iran's deep space exploration effort could be supported by the APSCO's network mainly controlled by China.

Iran's Lunar Launcher

Let us examine the Iranian options for a first lunar orbiter mission.

Iranian SLVs payload capacity: Safir-1, Zoljanah, Safir-2/Simorgh, Safir-3/Sarir, Safir-4A/Soroush-1, Safir-4B/Soroush-2.

https://archive.vn/Todvc/45ec76a2e136395326a88cc6b7e103bcda9841db.jpg ; https://archive.vn/Todvc/e57554e721c58bb3052da5039966b91496f29c5c/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20210202064242/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EtJyAKhXMAMOEg3?format=jpg&name=large
▲ 4. Iranian SLVs payload capacity: Safir-1, Zoljanah, Safir-2/Simorgh, Safir-3/Sarir, Safir-4A/Soroush-1, Safir-4B/Soroush-2.

Zoljanah specs:

length: 25.5m
mass: 52 tons
diameter 1. & 2. stage 1.5m
diameter 3. stage 1.25m (derived from Safir 2. stage)
solid motor thrust: 74 tons

https://archive.vn/NsJYu/8061c79363eb0ea8d1e69027367910babca8cd7b.jpg ; https://archive.vn/NsJYu/e5139f17641a85fd699faf812d9c294eb4cbef5a/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20210202062843/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EtJzT5EXMAYHVoq?format=jpg&name=large
▲ 5. Zoljanah specs.

Safir-2 SLV and Zoljanah SLV have quite similar performance. About 250 kg at 500 km LEO.

Provided there is a restartable upper stage such as the Saman-1, the GTO should be ~100 kg, and the TLI ~50 kg.

The advantage of Safir-2 SLV is that the launcher has been tested, but the Saman-1 upper stage still needs to be improved before a first successful mission.

The advantage of the Zoljanah Lunar launcher is that it can be launched from the southernmost part of Iran, near the coast and from a TEL.

Meaning improved payload capacity when launching toward the ecliptic plane for Deep space missions. And improved safety as no stage would fall over Iran's territory.

No need of any space center.

The downside is that Zoljanah SLV and Zoljanah Lunar SLV have never flown as of 2021.

To launch a lunar orbiter within 2 years would be quite difficult.

But such first simple mission has already been attempted before, some 65 years ago with the U.S.' first ever lunar orbiter Pioneer-0, with a mass of only 38 kg.

Pioneer-0 Lunar Orbiter

American lunar orbiter. Pioneers 0, 1 and 2 were the first U. S. spacecraft to attempt to leave Earth orbit.

Status: Operational 1958. First Launch: 1958-08-17. Last Launch: 1958-11-08. Number: 3 . Gross mass: 38 kg (83 lb). Height: 0.77 m (2.52 ft).

Propelled by the U. S. 's desire to beat the Soviet Union to the moon, each of the three vehicles was designed to go into orbit around the Moon and photograph the Moon's surface. None of the vehicles accomplished its intended mission, although some useful data was returned.

The first vehicle, Pioneer 0, was launched by the USAF and was destroyed 77 seconds after launch when the rocket's first stage exploded. Following this attempt, Pioneer 1 and Pioneer 2 were turned over to United States' newly formed National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Pioneer 1 was the first spacecraft launched by NASA. A programming error in the Pioneer 1 launch vehicle upper stage resulted in Pioneer 1 being given insufficient velocity to escape the Earth's gravitational field. Although lunar orbit was not achieved, it did reach an altitude of 113,854 km above Earth and provided data on the extent of the Earth's radiation belts. The vehicle re-entered over the Pacific Ocean 2 days later. Pioneer 2 also suffered a launch vehicle failure and re-entered the Earth's atmosphere 6 hours and 52 minutes after launch (it did not return any significant data). The spin stabilized spacecraft used a paint pattern for thermal control of the multi-instrument payload. A retro-rocket was to have allowed lunar orbit insertion if the moon had ever been reached. The payload included a TV camera, magnetometer, micrometeoroid impact detector, and radiation detector.

http://www.astronautix.com/p/pioneer0-1-2.html

Thor Able I SLV

American orbital launch vehicle. Three stage vehicle consisting of 1 x Thor DM-18A + 1 x Able 1/AJ10-41 + 1 x Altair

Status: Retired 1958. First Launch: 1958-08-17. Last Launch: 1958-11-08. Number: 3 . Payload: 50 kg (110 lb). Thrust: 710.00 kN (159,610 lbf). Gross mass: 52,000 kg (114,000 lb). Height: 26.90 m (88.20 ft). Diameter: 2.44 m (8.00 ft). Apogee: 100,000 km (60,000 mi).

LEO Payload: 50 kg (110 lb).

http://www.astronautix.com/t/thorablei.html

Comparative Specs

Launcher	Thor-Able I SLV	Zoljanah Lunar Orbiter SLV
Length	~28 m	26 m
Total Mass	51.15 tons	~52 tons
1st stage Diameter	2.44 m	1.5 m
2nd stage Diameter	0.84 m	1.5m
3rd stage Diameter	0.84 m	1.5m
Total thrust	68.94 tf	74 tf
Trans-lunar injection (TLI) payload	Pioneer-0: 38 kg	~50 kg

Code:

╔═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
║                          U.S. Vs Iranian Lunar Orbiter SLV                          ║
╠═════════════════════════════════════╤══════════════════╤════════════════════════════╣
║ Launcher                            │ Thor-Able I SLV  │ Zoljanah Lunar Orbiter SLV ║
╟─────────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────┼────────────────────────────╢
║ Length                              │ ~28 m            │ 26 m                       ║
╟─────────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────┼────────────────────────────╢
║ Total Mass                          │ 51.15 tons       │ ~52 tons                   ║
╟─────────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────┼────────────────────────────╢
║ 1st stage Diameter                  │ 2.44 m           │ 1.5 m                      ║
╟─────────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────┼────────────────────────────╢
║ 2nd stage Diameter                  │ 0.84 m           │ 1.5 m                      ║
╟─────────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────┼────────────────────────────╢
║ 3rd stage Diameter                  │ 0.84 m           │ 1.5 m                      ║
╟─────────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────┼────────────────────────────╢
║ Total thrust                        │ 68.94 tf         │ 74 tf                      ║
╟─────────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────┼────────────────────────────╢
║ Trans-lunar injection (TLI) payload │ Pioneer-0: 38 kg │ ~50 kg                     ║
╚═════════════════════════════════════╧══════════════════╧════════════════════════════╝

https://archive.is/niCBv/1b46bfd441a8861d35015804bb6929eadd54aa3d.jpg ; https://archive.is/niCBv/b8769c1002af4360e11c56fe07a0a578851eb78f/scr.png ; https://web.archive.org/web/20210207121510/https://i.imgur.com/ynXfFpo.jpg
▲ 6. Iran's Zoljanah Lunar Orbiter Launcher VS U.S. Thor-Able I (Pioneer-0 Lunar Orbiter) SLV .

Soheil_Esy · Apr 30, 2021

Part 98

Iran's Lunar Lander

Well, team India-Israel launched two landers the same year back in 2019.

The ball is now in the court of team North Korea-Iran!

As for the North Korean orbiter, nothing new:

South Korean Newspaper Praises DPRK's Planned Satellite Launch

March 28. 2012 Juch 101

A director of a research centre noted with appreciation that Kwangmyongsong-3 is apparently an artificial satellite, adding this is a clear reminder of the high-level technology of manufacturing satellites of the north.

He said the north is likely to launch a lunar explorer satellite.

https://web.archive.org/web/20141012133440/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2012/201203/news28/20120328-07ee.html

And for the North Korean lunar lander:

AP Exclusive: North Korea hopes to plant flag on the moon

By ERIC TALMADGE

Aug. 4, 2016 11:30 AM EDT

In an interview with The Associated Press, a senior official at North Korea's version of NASA said international sanctions won't stop the country from launching more satellites by 2020, and that he hopes to see the North Korean flag on the moon within the next 10 years.

"We are planning to develop the Earth observation satellites and to solve communications problems by developing geostationary satellites. All of this work will be the basis for the flight to the moon," Hyon said on July 28, adding that he personally would like to see that happen "within 10 years' time."

https://web.archive.org/web/20210207185823/https://apnews.com/article/88fa76909dec40b299658a34b489dc1a
https://archive.vn/84Izy

That means with a 10 years preannouncement timeframe, a North Korean lunar orbiter by 2022 and a landing by 2026.

Iran's Lunar Orbiter

We plan to send the first orbiter to the moon (380'000 kilometers from Earth) in the next two years.

http://web.archive.org/web/20210203110321/https://www.mehrnews.com/news/5137377/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF-%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%88%D9%85%D9%87-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87-%D8%A7%DB%8C
https://archive.vn/L95Qt

For Iran, an orbiter by 2022, and a lander still pending official announcement. Expect target date to be 2026.

Iran's Lunar Lander SLV

Let us examine the Iranian options for a first lunar lander mission.

By 2026, it is unlikely that the Soroush-1 SLV could be ready. Unlike the Sarir series SLV.

Sarir-2 specs:

length: 35 m
mass: ?? tons
diameter 1. & 2. stage 2.4 m
Total thrust: 320 tf

Sarir-1 SLV can place 700 kg into 1'000 km altitude LEO, with 2 strap-on liquid boosters the Sarir-2 SLV can place ~1'500 kg into LEO.

Sarir-2 SLV can place ~700 kg in GTO, and ~300 kg in TLI.

Such first lunar lander mission has already been attempted before, some 62 years ago with the U.S.' first ever lunar impactor Ranger-3, with a mass of only 331 kg.

Iran's Sarir-2 SLV is similar in performance to the U.S. Atlas Agena B SLV.

Ranger 3-4-5

American lunar lander.

Status: Operational 1962. First Launch: 1962-01-26. Last Launch: 1962-10-18. Number: 3 . Gross mass: 331 kg (729 lb).

The ambitious middle series of Ranger spacecraft were designed to transmit pictures of the lunar surface to Earth stations (during a period of 10 minutes of flight prior to impacting on the Moon), to rough-land a seismometer capsule on the Moon, to collect gamma-ray data in flight, to study radar reflectivity of the lunar surface, and to continue testing of the Ranger program for development of lunar and interplanetary spacecraft.

The basic vehicle consisted of a lunar capsule covered with a balsa wood impact-limiter, 27.5 cm in diameter, a retrorocket with a silvered plastic thermal shield, and a gold- and chrome-plated hexagonal base 1.5 m in diameter. Two wing-like solar panels (5.2 m across) were attached to the base and deployed early in the flight. Power was generated by solar panels containing 8680 solar cells. The capacity of the AgZn launching and backup battery was 1000 W-hours, and the six AgCd batteries were capable of operating the lunar capsule transmitter for 30 days.

The experimental apparatus included: (1) a vidicon television camera, which employed a scan mechanism that yielded one complete frame in 10 s; (2) a gamma-ray spectrometer; (3) a radar altimeter; (4) a seismometer to be rough-landed on the lunar surface; (5) an earth-controlled command system; (6) telemetry; (7) a power supply of AgZn batteries charged by solar cells; and (8) timing, orientation, and temperature control devices. Telemetry aboard the spacecraft included two 960 MHz transmitters, one at 3 W power output and the other at 50 mW power output.

The combined lunar impact/landing mission on these early probes proved too ambitious and none successfully completed their missions.

________________________

1962 January 26 - . 20:30 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC12. LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas Agena B. FAILURE: Agena B second stage guidance system failure. Failed Stage: U.

• Ranger 3 - . Payload: NASA P-34 (RA-3). Mass: 327 kg (720 lb). Nation: USA. Agency: NASA. Program: Ranger. Class: Moon. Type: Lunar probe. Spacecraft Bus: Ranger. Spacecraft: Ranger 3-4-5. USAF Sat Cat: 221 . COSPAR: 1962-Alpha-1.

Lunar impact probe; missed the moon by 36,874 km and went into solar orbit. A malfunction in the booster guidance system resulted in excessive spacecraft speed. Reversed command signals caused the telemetry antenna to lose earth acquisition, and mid-course correction was not possible. Some useful data were obtained from the flight. Of four scientific experiments only one was partially completed: gamma-ray readings of the lunar surface. Attempts to relay television pictures of the moon and to bounce radar signals off the moon at close range were unsuccessful.

http://www.astronautix.com/r/ranger3-4-5.html

Atlas Agena B

American orbital launch vehicle. Atlas D with improved, enlarged Agena upper stage.

Status: Retired 1965. First Launch: 1961-07-12. Last Launch: 1965-03-21. Number: 28 . Payload: 850 kg (1,870 lb). Thrust: 1,721.10 kN (386,919 lbf). Gross mass: 127,367 kg (280,796 lb). Height: 33.00 m (108.00 ft). Diameter: 3.05 m (10.00 ft). Apogee: 400,000 km (240,000 mi).

Payload: 850 kg (1,870 lb) to a GTO.

Stage Data - Atlas LV-3A / Agena B

• Stage 0. 1 x Atlas MA-3. Gross Mass: 3,174 kg (6,997 lb). Empty Mass: 3,174 kg (6,997 lb). Thrust (vac): 1,644.960 kN (369,802 lbf). Isp: 290 sec. Burn time: 120 sec. Isp(sl): 256 sec. Diameter: 4.90 m (16.00 ft). Span: 4.90 m (16.00 ft).Propellants: Lox/Kerosene. No Engines: 2. Engine: LR-89-5. Status: In Production.
• Stage 1. 1 x Atlas Agena SLV-3. Gross Mass: 117,026 kg (257,998 lb). Empty Mass: 2,326 kg (5,127 lb). Thrust (vac): 386.300 kN (86,844 lbf). Isp: 316 sec. Burn time: 265 sec. Isp(sl): 220 sec. Diameter: 3.05 m (10.00 ft). Span: 4.90 m (16.00 ft). Length: 20.67 m (67.81 ft). Propellants: Lox/Kerosene. No Engines: 1. Engine: LR-105-5. Status: In Production.
• Stage 2. 1 x Agena B. Gross Mass: 7,167 kg (15,800 lb). Empty Mass: 867 kg (1,911 lb). Thrust (vac): 71.166 kN (15,999 lbf). Isp: 285 sec. Burn time: 240 sec. Diameter: 1.52 m (4.98 ft). Span: 1.52 m (4.98 ft). Length: 7.09 m (23.26 ft). Propellants: Nitric acid/UDMH. No Engines: 1. Engine: Bell 8081. Status: Out of Production.

http://www.astronautix.com/a/atlasagenab.html

Comparative Specs

Launcher	LV-3 Agena B.1 SLV	Sarir-2 Lunar Lander SLV
Length	~31 m	35 m
Total Mass	130.50 tons	?? tons
1st stage Diameter	3.05 m	2.4 m
2nd stage Diameter	1.52 m	2.4 m
Total thrust	162.74 tf	320 tf
Trans-lunar injection (TLI) payload	Ranger-3: 331 kg	~300 kg

Code:

╔═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
║                         U.S. Vs Iranian Lunar Lander SLV                            ║
╠═════════════════════════════════════╤════════════════════╤══════════════════════════╣
║ Launcher                            │ LV-3 Agena B.1 SLV │ Sarir-2 Lunar Lander SLV ║
╟─────────────────────────────────────┼────────────────────┼──────────────────────────╢
║ Length                              │ ~31 m              │ 35 m                     ║
╟─────────────────────────────────────┼────────────────────┼──────────────────────────╢
║ Total Mass                          │ 130.50 tons        │ ~200? tons               ║
╟─────────────────────────────────────┼────────────────────┼──────────────────────────╢
║ 1st stage Diameter                  │ 3.05 m             │ 2.4 m                    ║
╟─────────────────────────────────────┼────────────────────┼──────────────────────────╢
║ 2nd stage Diameter                  │ 1.52 m             │ 2.4 m                    ║
╟─────────────────────────────────────┼────────────────────┼──────────────────────────╢
║ Total thrust                        │ 162.74 tf          │ 320 tf                   ║
╟─────────────────────────────────────┼────────────────────┼──────────────────────────╢
║ Trans-lunar injection (TLI) payload │ Ranger-3: 331 kg   │ ~300 kg                  ║
╚═════════════════════════════════════╧════════════════════╧══════════════════════════╝

https://archive.is/lonDF/362e3bf6092fe9feed363755b2d30f1a5c2d4ccb.jpg ; https://archive.is/lonDF/4cc22c96d35c4a424ce80e21c4d753549117fda1/scr.png ; https://web.archive.org/web/20210208125731/https://i.imgur.com/u5CZAu5.jpg
▲ 1. Iran's Sarir-2 lunar lander SLV VS the U.S. Atlas Agena SLV. 2021.

Soheil_Esy · Apr 30, 2021

Part 99

Iran's Lunar Rover

Well, Turkey has now entered the global lunar space race today, with the announcement of a lunar impactor for 2023 and a lunar lander by 2028!

Turkey's Lunar Exploration Program (TLEP)

"The only way to ensure justice in the world
is to exist in the space in a powerful manner"
- Recep Tayyip Erdogan, President of Turkey

Well, Turkey has now entered the global lunar space race today, with the announcement of a lunar impactor for 2023 and a lunar lander by 2028!

End of 2023 first moon mission: A falcon9 SpaceX rocket brings the first Turkish moon Orbiter into low earth orbit.

After separating the moon orbiter ignite its hybrid rocket engine and shots the moon orbiter to the moon for a hard landing!

The second part of the Turkish moon mission: 2028 turkey plans to launch a moon landing module with its own launcher. This is very ambitious

Look to the sky and see the moon
The original : istikbal göklerdedir-> future is in the skies

https://archive.is/SwfYf/56600b03591d19b0d87252f72b0b6a774d4e5272.jpg ; https://archive.is/SwfYf/75297c79b93cef2a06317854ec8aa69c91219e51/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20210210133544/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EtzW5zVXAAMirWr?format=jpg&name=large
▲ 2. Roadmap for the Turkish Lunar Exploration Program (TLEP). 2021.

@miguyan2000
https://twitter.com/miguyan2000/status/1359235262983909379
https://twitter.com/miguyan2000/status/1359233409386741761
https://twitter.com/miguyan2000/status/1359232294028984330

The ball is now in the court of team North Korea-Iran!:lol:

As for the North Korean Lunar Rover, nothing new:

North Korean lunar Rover mission

The third phase of the NKLEP after orbiting and landing would be to land a rover on the moon for a prolonged exploration.

Already hinted back in 2015's Pyongyang Science-Technology Complex.

https://c1.staticflickr.com/5/4266/35069110586_128ceef6a2_b.jpg ; https://www.flickr.com/photos/dprktoday/35069110586/
▲ Schematics of the orbital trajectory of the North Korean Lunar Exploration Program Phase III: lunar sample-return mission.
Launched with a heavy Unha-20 booster able to place 5t into a LTO, sometimes after 2026. Splash landing of the return capsule in the Pacific Ocean.
Participants in the 8th Congress of the Korean Children's Union visiting the Science-Technology Complex in Pyongyang, on June 5, 2017.

North Korean Lunar Exploration Program Video

Published on Oct 28, 2015

http://ipic.su/img/img7/fs/NorthKoreaLunarMission.1449464756.jpg
▲ Note: At t=666 seconds (11m06s), possibly the section dedicated to the future North Korean lunar exploration program (Unha-9, Unha-20), as disclosed back in 2012; Hint at future Phase Three with lunar lander and sample-return.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=prJeylQ57x8
▲ Pyongyang Opens Science - Technology Complex

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4CPqTpny_vo
▲ Backup video: At T=3m06s section dedicated to the future North Korean lunar exploration program (Unha-9, Unha-20), as disclosed back in 2012; Hint at future Phase Three with lunar lander and sample-return.

Iran's Lunar Rover SLV

Let us examine the Iranian options for a first lunar lander and rover mission.

Expect the Unha-18/Soroush-2 space launcher to be ready by 2028-2030.

Soroush-2 Specs:

length: ?? m
mass: ?? tons
diameter 1. & 2. stage 3.7 m
Total thrust: 640 tf

Soroush-1 SLV can place 8'000 kg into LEO and 1'000 kg into GTO, with 4 strap-on liquid boosters the Soroush-2 SLV can place 15'000 kg into LEO and 2'500 kg into GTO.

Soroush-1 SLV can place ~500 kg into LTO, Soroush-2 SLV can place ~1'300 kg into LTO.

Such lunar lander and rover mission has already been attempted before, on 1st December 2013 with China's first lunar rover Chang'e 3, with total launch mass of the lander and rover of about 3'800 kg. The small rover having a mass of ~ 120 kg.

Chang'e 3

2013 December 1 - . 17:30 GMT - . Launch Site: Xichang. Launch Pad: xxx. LV Family: CZ. Launch Vehicle: Chang Zheng 3BE.

• Chang'e 3 - . Mass: 3,800 kg (8,300 lb). Nation: China. Class: Moon. Type: Lunar probe. Spacecraft: Chang'e. Decay Date: 2013-12-14 . USAF Sat Cat: 39458 . COSPAR: 2013-070A.

Unmanned lunar rover. Boosted into a 210 x 389 109 km x 28.5 deg lunar transfer orbit. On December 6 at 09:50 GMT the spacecraft entered a 100 km polar orbit around the Moon. The 3,800 kg wet / 1,200 kg at landing spacecraft had a descent engine and landing legs, and a variety of lunar surface science experiments. It also carried Yutu, a small 140 kg rover. On December 10 at 13:20 GMT the orbit was lowered from 100 x 100 to 15 x 100 km. At 12:59:52 GMT December 14, near perilune, the descent engine was turned on to decelerate the probe and fly it down to the surface. Chang'e-3 touched down at 13:11:18 GMT, at 19.51W 44.12N, about 43 km south of crater Laplace F in the Mare Imbrium. This was the first lunar soft landing since the USSR's Luna-24 in 1976.

http://www.astronautix.com/c/change.html

Chang Zheng 3BE

Version of the Long March 3B with lengthened first stage and boosters, increasing geosynchronous payload to 5,500 kg.

AKA: Chang Zheng 3B;Chang Zheng-3B;Long March 3B. Status: Active. First Launch: 2007-05-13. Last Launch: 2013-12-20. Number: 14 . Payload: 11,200 kg (24,600 lb). Thrust: 2,980.00 kN (669,930 lbf). Gross mass: 425,800 kg (938,700 lb). Height: 54.80 m (179.70 ft). Diameter: 3.35 m (10.99 ft). Apogee: 200 km (120 mi).

LEO Payload: 11,200 kg (24,600 lb) to a 200 km orbit at 28.50 degrees. Payload: 5,100 kg (11,200 lb) to a GTO. Launch Price $: 70.000 million in 1999 dollars.

http://www.astronautix.com/c/changzheng3be.html

Comparative Specs

Launcher	CZ-3BE SLV	Soroush-2 Lunar Rover SLV
Length	54.84 m	?? m
Total Mass	472.70 tons	?? tons
1st stage Diameter	3.35 m	3.7 m
2nd stage Diameter	3.35 m	3.7 m
Total thrust	610.4 tf	640 tf
Trans-lunar injection (TLI) payload	Chang'e-3: 3'800 kg	~1'500 kg

Code:

╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
║ Chinese Vs Iranian Lunar Rover SLV                                                    ║
╠═════════════════════════════════════╤═════════════════════╤═══════════════════════════╣
║ Launcher                            │ CZ-3BE SLV          │ Soroush-2 Lunar Rover SLV ║
╟─────────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────┼───────────────────────────╢
║ Length                              │ 54.84 m             │ ?? m                      ║
╟─────────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────┼───────────────────────────╢
║ Total Mass                          │ 472.70 tons         │ ~400 tons?                ║
╟─────────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────┼───────────────────────────╢
║ 1st stage Diameter                  │ 3.35 m              │ 3.7 m                     ║
╟─────────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────┼───────────────────────────╢
║ 2nd stage Diameter                  │ 3.35 m              │ 3.7 m                     ║
╟─────────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────┼───────────────────────────╢
║ Total thrust                        │ 610.4 tf            │ 640 tf                    ║
╟─────────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────┼───────────────────────────╢
║ Trans-lunar injection (TLI) payload │ Chang'e-3: 3'800 kg │ ~1'500 kg                 ║
╚═════════════════════════════════════╧═════════════════════╧═══════════════════════════╝

https://archive.vn/fiyWM/bb466978c63510b8e78428350f156fce0d9de0ed.jpg ; https://archive.vn/fiyWM/6c4a37281895eb9e17a5ef1c07b86c86884efe62/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20210210134635/https://i.imgur.com/XaWlidR.jpg
▲ 3. Iran's Soroush-2 lunar Rover SLV VS the Chinese CZ-3B SLV. 2021.

This is only the beginning, as the Moon is no limit, coming next: the manned space race between Turkey and Iran for the global leadership in the Islamic world!

https://archive.vn/ayeeo/ad3a47f2fb6e55564ee4c3c14efa0b9a0299a2b2.jpg ; https://archive.vn/ayeeo/e0c7963831bbcef88de3759e89d492f568ce9354/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20210210133655/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EtzUavrXIAQd-xS?format=jpg&name=large
▲ 4. Inter-Islamic Space Race.

Soheil_Esy · Apr 30, 2021

Part 100

Iran's Lunar Base

http://archive.ph/h8mFX/f3f88e7b886294c70027d4947ef95f915e70c8c5.png ; https://archive.ph/h8mFX/5818cd980f5931fb078ed6430febcf945e16835c/scr.png ; https://i.imgur.com/WHPkMll.png ; https://twitter.com/azarijahromi/status/1224767500656807937
▲ 2. Dream of walking on the moon! Feb 4, 2020

Soheil_Esy · Apr 30, 2021

Part 101

Iranian Space Telescope

Iran's First GEO Remote Sensing Satellite

First edited 17 September 2019; Updated 17 September 2019

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

2. First Disclosure of Iran's GEO Remote Sensing Satellite

3. Iran's Adaptive Optics

4. Iran's Orbital Telescope

5. Iran's GEO Space Launcher: Safir-3D/Safir-4B

6. Iran's Heavy GEO Space Launcher: Safir-5

1. Introduction

The 4.6 ton Gaofen 4, the world's most powerful GEO imaging satellite, was launched on December 28, 2015 from Xichang in China, on a CZ-3B rocket, to a geosynchronous orbit above the Earth.

The GEO orbit of Gaofen 4 means that it can maintain continuous coverage of Chinese territory and surrounding areas. It's also the most powerful GEO satellite, good enough to track aircraft carriers in near real time from space.

GEO satellites constantly stay above a patch of Earth, thus providing constant 24 hour surveillance of a geographic area. By contrast, low earth orbit (LEO) satellites such as the U.S. KH-11 spy satellites are closer to the Earth, so their speed exceeds that of the Earth's rotation (meaning that they cannot maintain continuous surveillance over specific locations). In the Gaofen 4's case, its range of view is a 7,000km by 7,000km box of 49 million square kilometers of Asian land and water in and around China.

The Gaofen 4 is the world's most powerful GEO spy satellite. It has a color image resolution of slightly less than 50 meters (which is enough to track aircraft carriers by their wake at sea) and a thermal imaging resolution of 400m (good for spotting forest fires). It may also have a lower resolution video streaming capacity. Because of its round-the-clock coverage of Chinese territory and near aboard, Gaofen 4 can provide instant coverage of earthquake or typhoon hit areas to support humanitarian relief. It will also allow China to monitor strategic foreign sites such as WMD facilities and naval bases inside its observation box.

As a high orbiting GEO satellite, the Gaofen 4 would be very difficult to attack with anti-satellite weapons.

http://web.archive.org/web/20190917...aws.com/public/WXBXVOS4ETHZLMTKA5SOFLJHWM.jpg
▲ 1. Gaofen 4 GEO Orbit.

http://web.archive.org/web/20190914014153/https://www.popsci.com/gaofen-4-worlds-most-powerful-geo-spy-satellite-continues-chinas-great-leap-forward-into-space/

2. First Disclosure of Iran's GEO Remote Sensing Satellite

Putting 'sensing satellite' into orbit of 36,000 kms on agenda

Sep 14, 2019, 5:34 PM

Khorramabad, Sept 14, IRNA - The head of Iran's Space Agency Morteza Barari said on Saturday that the launch of a sensing satellite in the orbit of 36,000 kilometers is on the agenda and three Iranian satellites will be ready to carry out the mission.

Morteza Barari met with faculty and top startups in the province of Lorestan province on Saturday, and noted that the Islamic Republic of Iran has reached a full cycle of space technology with the efforts of its youth, despite 40 years of sanctions.
...

http://web.archive.org/web/20190914213935/https://en.irna.ir/news/83475073/Putting-sensing-satellite-into-orbit-of-36-000-kms-on-agenda
http://archive.is/Zbfff

Sun / 26 January 2020 / 14:32

Tehran, Jan 26, IRNA - Minister of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) said on Sunday that Iran has got six satellites ready to put into orbit.

Mohammad-Javad Azari-Jahromi said:

Amir Kabir University has started the production of a ~~geometric~~ [geosynchronous] satellite with one-meter ~~precision~~ [imaging ground resolution] as of today. It is unique. This time you select a name for the satellite,”

https://en.irna.ir/news/83648264/Iran-makes-six-satellites-to-put-into-orbit
https://en.isna.ir/news/98110604145/6-satellites-ready-to-put-into-orbit-Iran-s-ICT-Minister
http://archive.ph/bcGZu
http://archive.is/2RoTW

3. Iran's Adaptive Optics

Iran has disclosed discussion on a 3 meter Class Telescope with Adaptive Optics for its National Observatory Program (2011).

4. Iran's Orbital Telescope

The Iranian Space Research Center's Orbital Telescope is a project in its early stages. The feasibility and needs assessment study of this project was carried out.

http://web.archive.org/web/20190805150156if_/http://ipic.su/img/img7/fs/image17.1565017296.jpg ; https://archive.fo/Hgfzf/1ae8342e4b2a9782018bbaac9ccad4485aec46a6.jpg ; https://isrc.ac.ir/getattachment/پژوهشکده-ها/مرکز-فضایی-ایران/image17.jpg ; https://isrc.ac.ir/en-US/پژوهشکده-ها/مرکز-فضایی-ایران ; http://archive.fo/T9L7L
▲ 2. Iran's Orbital Telescope.

5. Iran's GEO Space Launcher: Safir-3D/Safir-4B

Iran's Communication Satellite Developing Plan 2026 of the Iranian Space Research Center (I.S.R.C.) has revealed its future space launcher's payload capabilities:

• Nahid-1, 50 Kg, LEO, Safir-1 SLV
• Nahid-2, < 100 Kg, LEO, Safir-2 SLV
• IRANSAT-1, 1 ton, GEO, Safir-3D SLV
• IRANSAT-2, 3 tons, GEO, Safir-4B SLV

http://web.archive.org/web/20190801104910if_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DVw4DqgXUAEOXQg.jpg ; https://archive.fo/TVRNZ/e148f10050430ae9d3e72e3606acc85cb88610a6.jpg ;
▲ 3. Iran's roadmap for communication satellites. From official presentation of the Iranian Space Research Center.

6. Iran's Heavy GEO Space Launcher: Safir-5

The existence of an even more powerful heavy space launcher, able to place 20 tons into LEO, has also been revealed, the Safir-5.

An Iranian version of the North Korean Heavy-Lift Space Launcher Unha-20 has figured prominently in a huge graphic that was displayed during January 2019 in Tehran's Valiasr Square. The billboard was running in conjunction with the 40th anniversary of the Iranian Revolution.

http://web.archive.org/web/20190322040402if_/http://ipic.su/img/img7/fs/proxy_006.1553224298.jpg ; https://archive.fo/LlgII/ff65c5e613f4e6fa6117675b60d31c2b1e1ec5e1.jpg ; https://defence.pk/pdf/proxy.php?image=http%3A%2F%2Fimagesvc.timeincapp.com%2Fv3%2Ffoundry%2Fimage%2F%3Fq%3D70%26w%3D1440%26url%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Ftimedotcom.files.wordpress.com%252F2019%252F01%252Fddacv.jpg%253Fquality%253D85&hash=28f872f91737c9a48e328ead422b9f34 ; https://media.mehrnews.com/d/2019/01/05/4/3004791.jpg; https://www.mehrnews.com/news/4504592/رونمایی-از-جدیدترین-دیوارنگاره-میدان-ولیعصر-با-موضوع-جوانان ; رونمایی از جدیدترین دیوارنگاره میدان ولیعصر با موضوع جوانان ;
▲ 4. 17 January 2019. Note that Shahid Hajj General Hassan Tehrani Moghaddam, the father of Iran's space program is depicted bringing a treasure trove of [North Korean] blueprints to his fellow countrymen!

Below the North Korean equivalent of the Safir-4A (Unha-9) and Safir-5 (Unha-20):

https://archive.fo/KNGwF/14b4aebdf050cdf44c7e1ebb782fe9a31a802dd7.jpg ; https://archive.is/KNGwF/26d89a6604195bbad45ccd54935ae2158361e77a/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20200121192814/https://i.imgur.com/2e4tiR7.jpg ; https://archive.fo/8MUj0/5746e1eeabd68c89d76db3e1acc6dd6bb97af820.jpg ; http://web.archive.org/web/20190324234320if_/https://i.imgur.com/YJeN7HI.jpg
▲ 5. 银河家族系列运载火箭(部分成员)。 2020年 Artistic representation of the North Korean Unha launchers family, 2020. Outdated as of Mid-February 2020.

________________________

Iran's Sapfir-Persona-class Advanced Imaging Satellite

First image leaked from the future Sapfir-Persona-class Advanced Imaging Satellite.

https://archive.is/mGt9J/76c6fdeab79247ee24cabe2625836a50cd527d67.jpg ; https://archive.is/mGt9J/8556979c9ba04d96b3d1f7e771a308baceb0bfce/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20200508122954/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EXDw6R0XgAISrjK?format=jpg&name=large ; https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EXDw6R0XgAISrjK?format=jpg&name=large ; https://twitter.com/SEPAHCYBERY/status/1256769198828773378
▲ 1. First clue at the future Iranian Sapfir-Persona-class Advanced Imaging Satellite. @SEPAHCYBERY May 3, 2020

Origin of the Persona project

The Persona satellite, which also reported to be known as Kvarts (Quartz), traces its roots to the Sapfir project first proposed by TsSKB Progress in 1979. In the course of the project development, the Sapfir (sapphire) was envisioned as a 16-ton spacecraft that would be deployed and possibly serviced in orbit by cosmonauts of the Buran reusable space plane.

A full-scale development of Sapfir at TsSKB Progress was authorized in 1983. At the time, the first launch of the 14-ton vehicle was projected for 1986 on the Zenit or Proton rocket. Sapfir would transmit imagery to the ground via a special data-relay satellite. Designated Sapfir-V, where "V" stands for vysoko-orbitalny, or high-orbital, Sapfir would be orbiting the Earth in the elliptical orbit climbing as high as 10,000-20,000 kilometers to obtain imagery of very wide areas, but at lower resolution than one-meter details discernable from the Araks-N satellite, which would be deployed in lower orbit.

Sapfir-V's orbits were designed to let satellites stay within view of the area of interest up to 20 minutes at a time transmitting live imagery, as it climbed toward and descended from the high point of its orbit and followed by a quick swing around low point of its orbit positioned on the opposite side of the globe. Military planners expected Sapfir-V to focus on the European region watching the main Cold War frontier between the West and the East.

In 1992, Sapfir was expected to be joined by a radar-carrying surveillance satellite capable of all-weather observations of the Earth surface.

By 1990, the LOMO company in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg) finally assembled the first flight version of a powerful 17V321 optical telescope for the Sapfir satellite and worked on two follow-on systems. The 1.5-meter main mirror of the telescope was manufactured at the Lytkarin Plant of Optical Glass, LZOS.

Imaging swath: 1,300 kilometers
Image resolution: 0.5 meters
Imaging productivity: 250 (targets?) a day
Projected life span: 3-5 years
Imaging telescope: An upgrade of LOMO 17V321 (1.5-meter diameter main mirror)
Spacecraft mass: 7-8 tons (?)
Orbital inclination: 98.3 degrees toward the Equator

Persona (14F137) spy satellite

History of the Persona (14F137) spy satellite project by Anatoly Zak

www.russianspaceweb.com

https://archive.vn/PILcq/3e8cb02b43670efe6bc7d965692837fa468199b2.jpg ; https://archive.vn/PILcq/5b82c34a51a429450d7f5b3d78f5ea2068fbe71f/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20200508...a-3-spy-satellite-lifts-off38881435070808.jpg ; http://web.archive.org/web/20200508124903/https://sen.com/news/persona-3-spy-satellite-lifts-off ; https://archive.vn/dGcZh
▲ 2. Persona-3 reconnaissance satellite.

A Soyuz-2-1b rocket lifted off from Pad 4 at Site 43 in Plesetsk around 800 km north of the Russian capital at 19:44 Moscow Time, on 24th June 2015 to place the 7-ton spacecraft powerful telescope into orbit.

For Iran, only the Safir-4B (Soroush-2A) SLV can place such payload into orbit.

http://archive.is/Niz3N/d77f7f62b227ecddcbbc36bc852baf0e640e2039.jpg ; https://archive.is/Niz3N/caf2442ef373cd749dc8f0b55b9775a9b8e0781c/scr.png ; http://web.archive.org/web/20200209135856/https://i.imgur.com/FzyjwiL.jpg
▲ 3. Safir SLV family speculation, as of February 2020.

Soheil_Esy · Apr 30, 2021

Part 102

Iranian GEO Communications satellite

Jun 9, 2021, 9:45 PM

The Iranian Space Agency attended the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS) in Vienna and read out a statement on the third day of the session.

In its statement, the Iranian Space Agency called for amending the rules and regulations relating to Geosynchronous orbit and criticized the First come and First serve and Use it or Lost it ideas.

http://web.archive.org/web/20210609173228/https://en.mehrnews.com/news/174601/Iran-blasts-restrictions-on-non-military-activities-in-space
http://web.archive.org/web/20210609175602/https://www.unoosa.org/documents/pdf/copuos/stsc/2021/statements/2021-04-26-PM-Item16-03-IranIRE.pdf
http://web.archive.org/web/20210609175239/https://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/copuos/stsc/2021/statements.html
https://archive.is/OBSir
https://archive.ph/kSQHK
https://archive.ph/fviny

Putting 'sensing satellite' into orbit of 36,000 kms on agenda

Sep 14, 2019, 5:34 PM

Khorramabad, Sept 14, IRNA - The head of Iran's Space Agency Morteza Barari said on Saturday that the launch of a sensing satellite in the orbit of 36,000 kilometers is on the agenda and three Iranian satellites will be ready to carry out the mission.

Morteza Barari met with faculty and top startups in the province of Lorestan province on Saturday, and noted that the Islamic Republic of Iran has reached a full cycle of space technology with the efforts of its youth, despite 40 years of sanctions.
...

http://web.archive.org/web/20190914213935/https://en.irna.ir/news/83475073/Putting-sensing-satellite-into-orbit-of-36-000-kms-on-agenda
http://archive.is/Zbfff

Iran's Communication Satellite Developing Plan 2026

Iran's Communication Satellite Developing Plan 2026 of the Iranian Space Research Center (I.S.R.C.) has revealed its future space launcher's payload capabilities:

• Nahid-1, 50 Kg, LEO, Safir-1 SLV
• Nahid-2, < 100 Kg, LEO, Safir-2 SLV
• IRANSAT-1, 1 ton, GEO, Safir-3D SLV
• IRANSAT-2, 3 tons, GEO, Safir-4B SLV

http://web.archive.org/web/20190801104910if_/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DVw4DqgXUAEOXQg.jpg ; https://archive.fo/TVRNZ/e148f10050430ae9d3e72e3606acc85cb88610a6.jpg ;
▲ 3. Iran's roadmap for communication satellites. From official presentation of the Iranian Space Research Center.

9 February 2020

The head of the Iranian space agency pointing to the launch of two telecom satellites in 99 said:
These satellites have been in the final stages and we have begun designing the Chabahar satellite launch center, and the satellite will be launched by Sarir and Soroush SLV from Chabahar SLC.

http://archive.ph/6KxIz
https://www.yjc.ir/00ULTk

Soheil_Esy · Apr 30, 2021

Part 103

Iran's network of small satellites

Official: Iran Attains Satisfactory Position in Microsatellites Industry

Sun Aug 20, 2017 1:53

TEHRAN (FNA)- A senior Iranian space official underlined that the country has made a lot of progress in specialized satellite projects.

"Iran has a good position in microsatellite production," Head of Iran's National Space Center Manouchehr Manteqi said on Sunday.

He underlined that the issue of microsatellites is not something new in Iran and six universities are currently working on satellite projects.

Manteqi reiterated that small satellites can do the work of larger satellites, and said, "We can get the same result from a network of 24 small satellites weighing 100 kilograms each as compared with a 7.2-ton satellite."

He went on to say that the prospect of the world in the next two decades is moving forward so that people can have personal satellites and control them with their mobile phones.

http://en.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13960529000890

Maybe he wanted to say people have personal mobile satellites that control them from space.

Soheil_Esy · Apr 30, 2021

Part 104

Iranian Navigation Satellite System

20-11-2011

Head of the Iranian Space Agency (ISA) says the agency is ready to set up a national satellite launch center in the country's southeastern region.

“The base will be used as a civil facility and will be active in various fields such as launching navigational and communication satellites as well as biological capsules,” Hamid Fazeli told IRNA on Sunday.

The satellites will be placed in geostationary orbit, near the equatorial zone, in order to reduce expenses of launching and orbit maneuver, he added.

He further noted that the southeastern area of the country is the safest location to establish the base as it is located near the Indian Ocean and has few inhabitants.

http://www.presstv.ir/detail/211145.html

16 December 2014

Fazeli said the country aims to deploy positioning satellites;
Fazeli disclosed plans to send positioning satellites to 20,000 kilometers orbit

http://www.mashreghnews.ir/fa/news/345493/پرتاب-ماهواره-تلویزیونی-60کاناله-تا-سال97

Design of the Satellite Structure For Middle East Regional & Augmentation Navigation Satellite System

Beijing Aerospace University's thesis by Sofeil, Master in Engineering, completed on 2015-06-23

In this thesis an autonomous and independent Satellite Based Navigation network designed to cover IRAN territory and Middle East region as Regional and Augmentation navigation satellite network.

This Navigation network is called IRANSS which is the abbreviation of Iranian Regional & Augmentation Navigation Satellite System.

This network has been designed to satisfy the requirements of this region, by consideration of specified orbital points belongs to IRAN on GEO. To achieve this purpose, all GNSS systems studied. Basically, there are three segments for each satellite based navigation network, space segment, ground segment and user segment. Space segment of IRANSS network composed of nine satellites in four orbits i.e. three satellites on one GEO and two satellites on each three IGSOs.

In IRANSS coverage area, ground segment includes several ground stations in IRAN and abroad. Eleven Ground Monitor Station, two masters & tracking control station and twenty Wide_Area Reference Stations only for augmentation with their master and uplink stations.

The main orientations of this thesis are space segment and especially design of Navigation Constellation network and satellite structure as a platform. Thus more focused on the navigation constellation system design and satellite structure or platform design.

The related satellites are called IRANSS “SAT No.” including IRANSS_G_110, IRANSS_G_34, IRANSS_G_345, IRANSS_I_26_1, IRANSS_I_47_1, IRANSS_I_26_2, IRANSS_I_47_2, IRANSS_I_26_3, and IRANSS_I_47_3.

The satellite has cubic structure with the weight of 1000 Kg and dimension of 1.5m×1.5m×2m. It is equipped with two deployable wings as solar panels, one main cylinder in the center and adapter ring in bottom section of the satellite. The structure composed of some frames and sandwich panels made of light alloys in high strength such as aluminum and honeycomb with aluminum and CFRP in face sheets.

The stiffness limitations, fairing dimensions and all applied loads from the Launch vehicle on the satellite have been met.

IRANSS satellite designed after studying and observing GNSS satellites which work on the orbit and comparing their missions, configurations, style, weight, design, heritage and Long march 3A as a launch vehicle for this payload.

All parameters corresponding to navigation accuracy and comparison between IRANSS and other GNSS constellations such as GPS and BeiDou considered. Analysis results show that Geometric Accuracy (GACC) of IRANSS is 16 meters in 95% of a day in all points of IRAN.

http://paper.buaalib.com/docinfo.action?dbid=72&docid=46905

2015-8-19

The fact that the Iranian government has sent so many specialists to learn from the Chinese experience at the Beijing Aerospace University shows the commitment of Iran for building its own independent GPS
...
Having the upper hand in the Middle East region in satellite positioning is pivotal for the Iranians
...

http://lt.cjdby.net/thread-2061368-1-1.html

ISA Chief: Iran to Develops Remote Sensing As Well As Communications Satellites [/SIZE]

Mon Apr 02, 2018 3:55

TEHRAN (FNA)- Head of Iranian Space Agency (ISA) Morteza Barari announced that Iran has planned to develop remote sensing as well as communications satellites to serve Iranian people in their daily lives.

"Perhaps one of the most prominent aspects of space technology in people’s lives are the mobile smartphones that are equipped with satellite navigation systems which help people locate and navigate," Barrari said.

Barari, who is also Iran’s deputy ICT minister, reiterated that one of the services that the people of Iran today benefit from, but may not be aware of, is the communications satellites.

"Now, Iransat-21 telecommunications satellite provides a number of services to the people," he added.

Barrari went on to elaborate that the major part of the VSAT network in the country is operating on that satellite, meanwhile, Shetab banking system to handle ATM, POS and other card-based activities are conducted through that satellite as well.

“The oil platforms in the Persian Gulf are in contact with inside the country via that telecommunication satellite,” Barari said, adding, "There are of course other telecommunications satellites provided by the private sector serving the banks and the oil ministry."

http://en.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13970113000533

Soheil_Esy · Apr 30, 2021

Part 105

Iran's Near Earth Object Surveillance Satellite (NEOSSat)

2021-04-22

Item11, Near Earth Objects Statement

Madam/Mr.Chair,

Distinguished Delegates,

Many thanks for the opportunity given to us for presenting this Statement on NEO and opportunities which it may bring to Iran and similar space emerging countries.

One of the most serious threats to our planet is near-Earth objects, and all countries need to work together effectively to resolve it.

The international, regional or private institutions set up for this purpose need to develop a plan to strengthen the International Asteroid Warning Network (IAWN) and other international groups; and these institutions should also share necessary information equally with all States.

The Islamic Republic of Iran has also taken a major step in the field of optical monitoring of these objects. Regarding the observation of Asteroid Hides and Meteor Showers, Iranian Space Agency (ISA) has been active through Khayyam Observatory since 2013 and has also supported the activities of astronomical groups in Iran.

The search for asteroids and the observation of near-Earth objects by Iranian astronomical groups are being seriously pursued, and there is a valuable experience in this field in my country, which has led to the discovery of more than 33 asteroid cases by Iranian astronomers.

Given the appropriate geographical position and weather condition, Iran is going to organize a set of data on NEO Impact Risks based on information gathered from Amateur Astronomers’ Observations. These data could be merged to the present datasets alongside a new set of data proposed by Iranian Space Research Center (ISRC) to improve NEO threat assessment.

This new set of data will be provided through the Radio Telescope developed in this Center for Radio Astronomy, which may prepare some pictures from the sky as the input for post-processes to result in NEOs database updates.

Having prepared these datasets from Iran’s sky, there is the opportunity to define a satellite project like NEOSSat for monitoring and positioning of new objects in orbit.

To achieve this, Iran membership in Space Mission Planning Advisory Group(SMPAG) could be the first step, that collaborations on such Satellite’s Payload would be doable.

ISA, as the main organizer of Space Activities in Iran, proposes a Cubesat with Astronomical Mission to be developed by IranianUniversities and Research Institutes with the help of collaborators in SMPAG and under the supervision of ISRC.

This project needs scientific cooperation of SMPAG members and UNCOPOUS supports to result in similar achievements like NEOSSat.

http://web.archive.org/web/20210609180432/https://www.unoosa.org/documents/pdf/copuos/stsc/2021/statements/2021-04-22-AM-Item11-04-IranIRE.pdf
http://web.archive.org/web/20210609175239/https://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/copuos/stsc/2021/statements.html
https://archive.ph/kSQHK
https://archive.ph/7SaLf

Updates The Iranian Space Program Thread

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